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Crystallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate A supersaturated solution of sodium acetate is poured onto one small sodium acetate crystal. Crystals form from the liquid immediately upon contact with the seed crystal. A thermometer shows that the crystallization process is exothermic. A chemical hot pack is shown as an example of a commercially available supersaturated solution.
Solutions : SolnPrepByDilution (10 Variations) For the analysis of trace metals it is necessary to prepare solutions of very low concentrations from a stock solution of higher concentration using a micropipet and a volumetric flask. What volume of a 0.0010 M solution of Zn(NO3)2 (aq) would be required to prepare a 5.0 nM solution of Zn2+ in a 250mL flask?
Solutions / Solvents |
Chemometrics
Solutions : FreezePtDepression (20 Variations) It takes 6.86 kg of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF (-31.7oC). How much sodium chloride (NaCl) would it take to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF? (Assuming all the salt will dissolve in that amount of water.)
The Fuge Tube Diode Array SpectrophotometerB. T. Arneson, S. R. Long, K. K. Stewart, and J. J. Lagowski Presents details for adapting a diode array UVvis spectrophotometer to incorporate the use of polypropylene microcentrifuge tubesfuge tubesas cuvettes. The fuge tubes also can serve as reaction vessels, which permits the ready study of chemical systems involving heterogeneous phases by eliminating the need for tedious separations. Arneson, B. T.; Long, S. R.; Stewart, K. K.; Lagowski, J. J. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1663.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Demonstration of Absorbance Using Digital Color Image Analysis and Colored SolutionsShane K. Kohl, James D. Landmark, and Douglas F. Stickle This article describes a simple experiment in which the principle of absorbance may be demonstrated using digital color image analysis. Kohl, Shane K.; Landmark, James D.; Stickle, Douglas F. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 644.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Dyes / Pigments |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Improving Conceptions in Analytical Chemistry: ci Vi = cf VfMargarita Rodríguez-López and Arnaldo Carrasquillo Jr. A common misconception related to analytical chemistry, which may be generalized as the failure to recognize and to account analytically for changes in substance density, is discussed. A cautionary example is made through the use of mass-based units of composition during volumetric dilution. The correct application of the volumetric dilution equation ci Vi = cf Vf is discussed. A quantitative description of the systematic error introduced by incorrect use of the volumetric dilution equation is also specified. Rodríguez-López, Margarita; Carrasquillo, Arnaldo, Jr. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1327.
