TIGER

Journal Articles: 49 results
Measuring the Density of a Sugar Solution  Karen I. Peterson
This experiment addresses the concept of equipment calibration for reducing systematic error. Students prepare and measure the densities of sucrose solutions with simple glassware that has been calibrated using the density of water. By careful work, students can determine the density to within 0.5%. allowing accuracy to be a major component of the final grade.
Peterson, Karen I. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1089.
Calibration |
Carbohydrates |
Physical Properties |
Quantitative Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents
[#97] The Sweeter Side of Density  Michael Davis and Charles Henry
Students determine the density of different sugar solutions and then devise a method for layering them in a graduated cylinder. Dyeing the solutions with food coloring results in a rainbow-colored, heterogeneous mixture.
Davis, Michael; Henry, Charles. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1088A.
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Student-Centered Learning
Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation To Reinforce Student Understanding of Intermolecular Forces  Phillip R. Burkholder, Gordon H. Purser, and Renee S. Cole
This article presents a series of experiments incorporating molecular dynamics simulations which predict the motion of chemical species based on the application of empirical rules and a physical analysis of the forces that act between the species. These motions can then be shown in vivid graphical form.
Burkholder, Phillip R.; Purser, Gordon H.; Cole, Renee S. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1071.
Computational Chemistry |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
Pennies and Eggs: Initiation into Inquiry Learning for Preservice Elementary Education Teachers  Donald J. Wink and Jeong Hye Hwang-Choe
Describes two labs incorporating the Science Writing Heuristic in a course for preservice students in elementary education. The first lab is a discovery activity involving the change in composition and mass of pennies in 1982; the second uses flotation methods to separate hard-boiled and uncooked eggs.
Wink, Donald J.; Hwang-Choe, Jeong Hye. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 396.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Materials Science |
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties
The Penny Experiment Revisited: An Illustration of Significant Figures, Accuracy, Precision, and Data Analysis  Joseph Bularzik
In this general chemistry laboratory the densities of pennies are measured by weighing them and using two different methods to measure their volumes. The average and standard deviation calculated for the resulting densities demonstrate that one measurement method is more accurate while the other is more precise.
Bularzik, Joseph. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1456.
Chemometrics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Physical Properties
Using Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures To Determine the Vapor Pressure of a Volatile Liquid  Fred R. Hilgeman, Gary Bertrand, and Brent Wilson
This experiment, designed for a general chemistry laboratory, illustrates the use of Dalton's law of partial pressures to determine the vapor pressure of a volatile liquid.
Hilgeman, Fred R.; Bertrand, Gary; Wilson, Brent. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 469.
Gases |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
Whatever Floats (or Sinks) Your Can  Michael J. Sanger
Students determine which property of the sodas (caffeine content, soda color, or sugar content) is responsible for whether soft-drink cans float or sink in water.
Sanger, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1632A.
Consumer Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Nonmajor Courses
Density Visualization  Richard L. Keiter, Whitney L. Puzey, and Erin A. Blitz
Metal rods of high purity for several elements can be used to construct a display in which their relative densities may be assessed visually.
Keiter, Richard L.; Puzey, Whitney L.; Blitz, Erin A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1629.
Metals |
Physical Properties |
X-ray Crystallography
Density Determination by Water Displacement and Flotation: An Introductory Experiment in Forensic Chemistry  Lisa A. Saccocio and Mary K. Carroll
An introductory lab experiment has been developed for a nonscience major course in forensic chemistry, designed to introduce students to basic chemical principles within the context of interesting problem-solving scenarios. Students explore two different methods of density analysis and discover the practical uses and limitations of each.
Saccocio, Lisa A.; Carroll, Mary K. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1187.
Nonmajor Courses |
Forensic Chemistry |
Physical Properties
Popping Popcorn Kernels: Expanding Relevance with Linear Thinking  Jordan L. Bennett, Michael M. Fuson, and Thomas A. Evans
Graphing skills and an understanding of linear relationships are developed in the context of popping of individual popcorn kernels. Introductory-level chemistry students determine mass changes as the result of popping along with the volume and density of the popcorn flakes produced.
Bennett, Jordan L.; Fuson, Michael M.; Evans, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 414.
Carbohydrates |
Food Science |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties
The Concept of Density  Stephen J. Hawkes
Exercises in d = m/v fail to teach the concept of density as the denseness with which mass is packed. This paper presents non-mathematical illustrations of the concept of density.
Hawkes, Stephen J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 14.
Physical Properties
Unknown Gases: Student-Designed Experiments in the Introductory Laboratory  John Hanson and Tim Hoyt
Investigation in which students must determine the identity of three unknown gases by developing their own tests.
Hanson, John; Hoyt, Tim. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 845.
Gases |
Qualitative Analysis |
Physical Properties
The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of Three  Thomas R. Rybolt and Thomas G. Waddell
A chemical mystery emphasizing simple physical properties (density) and chemical characterization of metals, featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
Rybolt, Thomas R.; Waddell, Thomas G. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 448.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Forensic Chemistry |
Metals |
Physical Properties
Melting Point, Density, and Reactivity of Metals  Michael Laing
Using melting points and densities to the predict the relative reactivities of metals.
Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1054.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Metals |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Physical Properties |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Electrochemistry
Floating Plastics: An Initial Chemistry Laboratory Experience  Enrique A. Hughes, Helena M. Ceretti, and Anita Zalts
Students prepare a series of solutions with gradually increasing densities. Then they are given plastic samples of known and unknown composition and they estimate the densities of the samples by observing in which solutions they float and in which they sink; these densities are used to identify the plastics.
Hughes, Enrique A.; Ceretti, Helena M.; Zalts, Anita. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 522.
Nonmajor Courses |
Solutions / Solvents |
Physical Properties
Swift Measurement of Densities of Low Melting Point Compounds  Bruno Lunelli
For compounds that are solid at room temperature, the procedure described gives the density of the liquid near its melting point (similar to that quoted in the Aldrich catalog), and not that of the phase stable at room temperature.
Lunelli, Bruno. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 639.
Physical Properties |
Laboratory Management
"Who Has the Same Substance that I Have?": A Blueprint for Collaborative Learning Activities  Brian P. Coppola and Richard G. Lawton
Activities for freshman organic chemistry in which students learn lab techniques through a relative identification of a substance using an inquiry approach.
Coppola, Brian P.; Lawton, Richard G. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1120.
Physical Properties |
Qualitative Analysis
Buoyancy Programs; Viscosity of Polymer Solutions; Precision of Calculated Values  Bertrand, Gary L.
Software to simulate the determination of the density of solids; the preparation of polymer solutions and their time to flow through a viscometer; and a program to calculate the uncertainties of results given the input values.
Bertrand, Gary L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 492.
Physical Properties |
Chemometrics
Suspension of Drops of a Liquid in a Column of Water  Ahmad, Jamil
Procedure for producing drops of a liquid suspended in the middle of a column of another liquid, giving the illusion of violating Archimedes' principle.
Ahmad, Jamil J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 178.
Physical Properties |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
The Physical Reality of Molecules: They're Dense and They Move Around!  Silverstein, Todd P.
Diffusion of ink in water as it is heated to illustrate density and the atomic/kinetic theory.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 177.
Physical Properties |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
An Intermolecular Forces Study Using IBM PSL  Eckberg, Christine; Zimmer, John; Reeves, James; Ward, Charles
Procedure to investigate evaporative cooling for a family of straight chain alcohols.
Eckberg, Christine; Zimmer, John; Reeves, James; Ward, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A225.
Physical Properties |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Alcohols
Micropycnometers for Density Determination  Ellefson-Kuehn, Julie; Wilcox, C. Jayne
Modifications to a previously published procedure involving determining the densities of known NaCl solutions and that of an unknown by interpolation of the data.
Ellefson-Kuehn, Julie; Wilcox, C. Jayne J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A150.
Microscale Lab |
Physical Properties
A Simple "Back of the Envelope" Method for Estimating the Densities and Molecular Volumes of Liquids and Solids  Girolami, Gregory S.
The method described for the estimation of densities and molecular volumes are surprisingly accurate and very simple.
Girolami, Gregory S. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 962.
Physical Properties |
Liquids |
Solids
Gas reactions in plastic bags: Relating laboratory observations to the atomic-molecular model  Robinson, Maurice; Barrow, Gordon M.
Carrying out chemical reactions in Ziplock bags to investigate a variety of chemical concepts.
Robinson, Maurice; Barrow, Gordon M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1026.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Gases |
Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Physical Properties
An experiment in thinking scientifically: Using pennies and good sense  Sardella, Dennis J.
The author uses a simple modification of the traditional density determination to introduce students to the methodology of scientific research, as well as basic experimental technique.
Sardella, Dennis J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 933.
Physical Properties
KC? Discoverer with Knowledgeable Counselor  Cabrol, Daniel; Moore, John W.; Rittenhouse, Rita C.
KC? Discoverer is a program that permits students and faculty to explore a wide range of properties of the elements and is closely coordinated with the periodic table.
Cabrol, Daniel; Moore, John W.; Rittenhouse, Rita C. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 40.
Physical Properties |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
Densities and miscibilities of liquids and liquid mixtures   Franz, David A.
A sequence of demonstrations that lend themselves to quantitative calculations regarding density.
Franz, David A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 594.
Physical Properties |
Liquids
Method for separating or identifying plastics  Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris K.
This article suggests the use of differences in density as a means for separation and identification of plastics.
Kolb, Kenneth E.; Kolb, Doris K. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 348.
Consumer Chemistry |
Green Chemistry |
Physical Properties
Density of antifreeze-water mixtures: A general chemistry experiment in compositional analysis  Flowers, Paul A.
Determining the composition of an antifreeze/water solution through density measurements.
Flowers, Paul A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1068.
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Quantitative Analysis
Questions from a can of Pepsi  Mitchell, Tony
A can of Pepsi can be the starting point of countless chemistry questions that students can relate to. The author encourages other instructors to think about helping students understand chemistry as it relates to contemporary society.
Mitchell, Tony J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1070.
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Physical Properties |
Food Science |
Nutrition |
Gases |
Acids / Bases |
Metals
Measurement of density: A first laboratory experiment for beginning chemistry students  Richardson, W. S.; Teggins, J. E.
This initial lab experience allows students to gain experiences with the most common methods of data treatment in science and use graphs to see patterns in data.
Richardson, W. S.; Teggins, J. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1013.
Physical Properties
Carbon dioxide: Its principal properties displayed and discussed  Bent, Henry A.
The principal properties of carbon dioxide demonstrated and discussed.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 167.
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
The coming renaissance of descriptive chemistry  Zuckerman, J. J.
Inorganic chemistry is facing an identity crises.
Zuckerman, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 829.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Reactions |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
BASIC and the density of glass: A first-year laboratory/computer experiment  Harris, Arlo D.
This experiment is designed as a class project where students gather data individually and then analyze the data via writing a simple computer program.
Harris, Arlo D. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 718.
Physical Properties
Focus on forensic experiments  Berry, Keith O.
Experiments involving gunshot patterns, density, and boiling-point determination.
Berry, Keith O. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1060.
Forensic Chemistry |
Physical Properties
Invisible water: A gas density demonstration  Maciel, Richard P.
Demonstrating the density of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (TTE), whose density is about six times that of air.
Maciel, Richard P. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 153.
Gases |
Physical Properties
The density of solids  Burgess, Dale
Using density measurements as an opportunity to discuss experimental procedures, error, and significant figures.
Burgess, Dale J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 242.
Chemometrics |
Physical Properties
The density and apparent molecular weight of air  Harris, Arlo D.
Simple procedure for determining the density and apparent molecular weight of air.
Harris, Arlo D. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 74.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties
Single-pan balances, buoyancy, and gravity or "a mass of confusion"  Battino, Rubin; Williamson, Arthur G.
Most manufacturers of balances either do not understand the idea of buoyancy corrections or believe them to be irrelevant.
Battino, Rubin; Williamson, Arthur G. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 51.
Physical Properties |
Instrumental Methods
An effective demonstration of some properties of real vapors  Metsger, D. Scott
The apparatus described in this article has been found by the authors to be the most effective in vividly illustrating the behavior of a nearly ideal gas to first year chemistry students.
Metsger, D. Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 67.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Gases |
Physical Properties |
Solids
Spectacular gas density demonstration using methane bubbles   Snipp, Robert; Mattson, Bruce; Hardy, Winters
An unforgettable demonstration of the relative densities of gases can be performed by creating giant methane bubbles with the aid of a small funnel and toy soap bubble solution.
Snipp, Robert; Mattson, Bruce; Hardy, Winters J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 354.
Physical Properties |
Gases
Chemical origins of color  Orna, Mary Virginia
Color is one of the few disciplines that cuts across the boundaries of art, biology, physics, psychology, chemistry, geology, mineralogy, and many other fields. There is hardly an object or a substance in nature that is not colored and virtually every commercially marketed item today is either deliberately colored or de-colored.
Orna, Mary Virginia J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 478.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Physical Properties
Construction of a self-filling pycnometer in five minutes  McCullough, Thomas, C.S.C.
Procedure for constructing a self-filling pycnometer for precise determinations of the specific gravities of liquids.
McCullough, Thomas, C.S.C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 546.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties |
Liquids
Density of liquers - or, How to prepare a Pousse Cafe  Sarkis, Vahak D.
Calculates the density of liquers and determine the order in which different liquers should be added to prepare a Pousse Cafe.
Sarkis, Vahak D. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 350.
Physical Properties |
Alcohols
Density gradients in chemistry teaching  Miller, P. J.
Outlines experiments in which a density gradient may be used to advantage, including the analysis of organic compounds, aqueous solutions, binary mixtures of organic compounds, solids, and solvent extractions.
Miller, P. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 278.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solids |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
Density of a binary mixture. A classroom or laboratory exercise  Feinstein, H. I.
Provides a hypothetical problem in the density of a binary mixture.
Feinstein, H. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 111.
Physical Properties |
Chemometrics
Computer simulation of experimental data  Shwendeman, R. H.
This note describes some of the techniques in programming used to generate a sufficient variety of experimental data to provide each student with his own set of numbers for analysis in conjunction with the demonstration laboratory.
Shwendeman, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 665.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Gas Chromatography
A simple and accurate dilatometer for liquids  Wagner, Robert E.; Meyer, Edwin F.
The density of a liquid as a function of temperature may be readily measured using this dilatometer.
Wagner, Robert E.; Meyer, Edwin F. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 349.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Liquids |
Physical Properties
Density measurements with a magnetically controlled float  Cartan, F.
Presents suggestions for investigations to accompany and earlier published article.
Cartan, F. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A538.
Physical Properties |
Magnetic Properties