| Journal Articles: 106 results |
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Simple Potentiometric Determination of Reducing Sugars Henry Moresco, Pedro Sanson, and Gustavo Seoane
Describes a potentiometric method for reducing sugar quantification. Its advantages include simplicity, low cost, and the ability to be conducted in colored and turbid samples. This analysis is also safer than the standard LaneEynon method for the determination of reducing sugars.
Moresco, Henry; Sanson, Pedro; Seoane, Gustavo. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1091.
Carbohydrates |
Potentiometry |
Quantitative Analysis
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Converting Municipal Waste into Automobile Fuel: Ethanol from Newspaper Mark Mascal and Richard Scown
In this experiment, waste newspaper is pulped with acid and its cellulose hydrolyzed to produce glucose syrup that is fermented and distilled to yield ethanol. In doing so, students are introduced to carbohydrate chemistry and the use of fermentation in organic synthesis.
Mascal, Mark; Scown, Richard. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 546.
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols |
Applications of Chemistry |
Biotechnology |
Carbohydrates |
Qualitative Analysis |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography
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Biochemical View: A Web Site Providing Material for Teaching Biochemistry Using Multiple Approaches Fernanda C. Dórea, Higor S. Rodrigues, Oscar M. M. Lapouble, Márcio R. Pereira, Mariana S. Castro, and Wagner Fontes
Biochemical View is a free, full access Web site whose main goals are to complement existing biochemistry instruction and materials, provide material to teachers preparing conventional and online courses, and popularize the use of these resources in undergraduate courses.
Dórea, Fernanda C.; Rodrigues, Higor S.; Lapouble, Oscar M. M.; Pereira, Márcio R.; Castro, Mariana S.; Fontes, Wagner. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1866.
Amino Acids |
Bioenergetics |
Carbohydrates |
Enzymes |
Glycolysis |
Lipids |
Metabolism |
Fatty Acids
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Structures for the ABO(H) Blood Group: Which Textbook Is Correct? John M. Risley
Six textbooks and two Internet sites show different structures for the A, B, and O(H) antigens of the ABO(H) blood group, but none of them are correct. This article emphasizes the correct molecular structures because it is important to distinguish between those carbohydrates that make up the antigens and those that are not part of the antigenic structures.
Risley, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1546.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Natural Products |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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The A1c Blood Test: An Illustration of Principles from General and Organic Chemistry Robert C. Kerber
The glycated hemoglobin blood test is a key measure of the effectiveness of glucose control in diabetics. The chemistry of glucose in the bloodstream, which underlies the test and its impact, provides an illustration of the importance of chemical equilibrium and kinetics to a major health problem.
Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1541.
Applications of Chemistry |
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Proteins / Peptides |
Bioorganic Chemistry
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Synthesis of Anomeric Methyl Fructofuranosides and Their Separation on an Ion-exchange Resin Erkki Nurminen, Päivi Poijärvi, Katja Koskua, and Jari Hovinen
Treatment of d-fructose with methanol in the presence of acid as a catalyst gives a mixture of methyl--d-fructopyranoside, methyl-a-D-fructofuranoside, and methyl--d- fructofuranoside, which are separated on an ion exchange column and characterized polarimetrically.
Nurminen, Erkki; Poijärvi, Päivi; Koskua, Katja; Hovinen, Jari. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1480.
Carbocations |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Chromatography |
Ion Exchange |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Carbohydrates
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CARBOHYDECK: A Card Game To Teach the Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates Manuel João Costa
This paper describes CARBOHYDECK, a card game that may replace or complement lectures identifying and differentiating monosaccharide isomers.
Costa, Manuel João. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 977.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Student-Centered Learning
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Popcorn—What's in the Bag? Marissa B. Sherman and Thomas A. Evans
Three independent activities explore microwave popcorn, the nature of the packaging, and the popcorn produced.
Sherman, Marissa B.; Evans, Thomas A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 416A.
Carbohydrates |
Nutrition |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents |
Water / Water Chemistry
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Acetal Protecting Groups in the Organic Laboratory: Synthesis of Methyl 4,6-O-Benzylidene-α-D-Glucopyranoside Alexei V. Demchenko, Papapida Pornsuriyasak, and Cristina De Meo
The synthesis of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-glucopyranoside provides an opportunity to synthesize a cyclic acetal; stereoselectively introduce a chirality center; and learn extraction, evaporation, precipitation, optical rotation, melting point measurement, thin-layer chromatography, IR-spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and various NMR techniques.
Demchenko, Alexei V.; Pornsuriyasak, Papapida; De Meo, Cristina. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 782.
Carbohydrates |
IR Spectroscopy |
Medicinal Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Synthesis
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The Chemistry of Popcorn: Polymers of Glucose William F. Coleman
The Featured Molecules this month are all polymers of glucose and include cellobiose, maltose, 10-mer of cellulose, 40-mer of amylose, and an amylopectin fragment.
Coleman, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 413.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates
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Glycosyltransferases A and B: Four Critical Amino Acids Determine Blood Type Natisha L. Rose, Monica M. Palcic, and Stephen V. Evans
Human A, B, and O blood type is determined by the presence or absence of distinct carbohydrate structures on red blood cells. In this review the chemistry of the blood group ABO system and the role of glycosyltransferase A, glycosyltransferase B, and the four amino acids critical to determining blood group status are discussed.
Rose, Natisha L.; Palcic, Monica M.; Evans, Stephen V. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1846.
Carbohydrates |
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Biology |
X-ray Crystallography |
Amino Acids
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Demonstrating Encapsulation and Release: A New Take on Alginate Complexation and the Nylon Rope Trick Andrienne C. Friedli and Inge R. Schlager
Three variations on a classroom demonstration of the encapsulation of droplets and evidence for release of the interior solution are described. The first two demonstrations mimic biocompatible applications of encapsulation. A third encapsulation exercise exploits the irreversible interfacial polymerization of diamine and diacid chloride to form membranes and illustrates the detection of diamine release from the capsule using an indicator.
Friedli, Andrienne C.; Schlager, Inge R. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1017.
Biotechnology |
Acids / Bases |
Applications of Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Consumer Chemistry |
Membranes
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Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2nd Edition (Thisbe K. Lindhorst) David J. A. Schedler
This book is aptly named: it is a well organized, well written presentation of the essentials of carbohydrate chemistry and their relationship to biochemistry.
Schedler, David J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 808.
Carbohydrates
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Use of Optical Rotation and NMR Signal Counting To Identify Common Aldoses John Almy
An inexpensive, small scale experiment for second semester organic students describes the unambiguous identification of a common aldose "unknown" from five possible candidates: glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, or xylose
Almy, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 708.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Carbohydrates |
Microscale Lab |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
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Food: The Chemistry of Its Components, 4th Edition (T. P. Coultrate) Richard Pagni
The book begins with an extensive discussion of the major constituents of food: sugars and their polymers, lipids, and amino acids and their polymers. This is followed by fascinating chapters on colors and flavors, the ingredients that do so much to make food enjoyable.
Pagni, Richard. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 39.
Consumer Chemistry |
Food Science |
Applications of Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Proteins / Peptides |
Lipids
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Tensile Strength Measurements on Biopolymer Films Eugene S. Stevens and Mark D. Poliks
Measuring the tensile strength of biopolymer films using a simple student apparatus; results are compared with data obtained from industry-standard equipment.
Stevens, Eugene S.; Poliks, Mark D. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 810.
Biotechnology |
Carbohydrates |
Industrial Chemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Materials Science |
Proteins / Peptides
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Application of Datalogger in Biosensing: A Glucose Biosensor Martin M. F. Choi and Pui Shan Wong
Using an eggshell as a platform for the immobilization of glucose oxidase while determining glucose concentration through the depletion of oxygen as measured by an oxygen sensor and datalogger.
Choi, Martin M. F.; Wong, Pui Shan. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 982.
Carbohydrates |
Enzymes |
Instrumental Methods |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Qualitative Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis
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Carbohydrate Analysis: Can We Control the Ripening of Bananas? S. Todd Deal, Catherine E. Farmer, and Paul F. Cerpovicz
Procedure to determine the carbohydrate composition of bananas at various stages of ripeness and testing various methods of storage for their effectiveness in preserving desirable qualities.
Deal, S. Todd; Farmer, Catherine E.; Cerpovicz, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 479.
Carbohydrates |
Nutrition |
Food Science
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Integrating HPLC and Electrochemistry: A LabVIEW-Based Pulsed Amperometric Detection System Mark B. Jensen
Using the voltametry of glucose to develop a method for the pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) following their separation by liquid chromatography.
Jensen, Mark B. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 345.
Chromatography |
Electrochemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
HPLC |
Carbohydrates |
Separation Science |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Factors Affecting Reaction Kinetics of Glucose Oxidase Kristin A. Johnson
Demonstration based on a biochemical kinetics experiment in which the rate of reaction varies with the enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, substrate used in the reaction, and temperature.
Johnson, Kristin A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 74.
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
Proteins / Peptides |
Carbohydrates |
Catalysis |
Rate Law
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Preparation of a D-Glucose-Derived Alkene. An E2 Reaction for the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Peter Norris and Andrew Fluxe
Synthesis of four carbohydrate derivatives that highlight techniques such as inert atmosphere work, rotary evaporators, and flash column chromatography.
Norris, Peter; Fluxe, Andrew. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1676.
Carbohydrates |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Alkenes |
Elimination Reactions |
Chromatography
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An Inexpensive Water Jacket for a Polarimeter Tube F. A. Kundell and W. A. Adkins
Design and construction of an inexpensive water jacket for a polarimeter tube.
Kundell, F. A.; Adkins, W. A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1516.
Carbohydrates |
Kinetics |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management
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Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: Sucrose Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for sucrose.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1460.
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties |
Carbohydrates
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A Modification of a Lactase Experiment by Use of Commercial Test Strips Tammy J. Melton
Using urinalysis test strips to detect the presence of glucose.
Melton, Tammy J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1243.
Carbohydrates |
Catalysis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Enzymes |
Nonmajor Courses |
Qualitative Analysis |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Ethanol Metabolism and the Transition from Organic Chemistry to Biochemistry Richard D. Feinman
Introducing alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase reactions in organic chemistry to ease transition to biochemistry.
Feinman, Richard D. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1215.
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alcohols |
Carbohydrates
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Bioanalytical Experiments for the Undergraduate Laboratory: Monitoring Glucose in Sports Drinks J. Justin Gooding, Wenrong Yang, and Manihar Situmorang
Introducing students to the techniques of bioanalytical chemistry by using a solution-based enzyme assay and an enzyme electrode for the analysis of glucose concentrations in sports drinks.
Gooding, J. Justin; Yang, Wenrong; Situmorang, Manihar. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 788.
Electrochemistry |
Enzymes |
Food Science |
Quantitative Analysis |
Applications of Chemistry |
Carbohydrates
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Surfactant-Induced Osazone Formation at Room Temperature K. Nagajyothi, P. S. Raghavan, and R. Gopalan
Using surfactants for speedy and easy identification of reducing sugars without heating.
Nagajyothi, K.; Raghavan, P. S.; Gopalan, R. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 728.
Catalysis |
Micelles |
Surface Science |
Carbohydrates |
Qualitative Analysis
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Glycolysis Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Puzzle with 30 names, terms, prefixes, and acronyms that describe glycolysis and fermentation.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 503.
Metabolism |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbohydrates
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Correction to "Drug Metabolism: The Body's Defense against Chemical Attack" (J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 349-353)
Corrections to molecular structures.
J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 312.
Carbohydrates |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Enzymes |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Metabolism |
Synthesis
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Enzymatic Spectrophotometric Reaction Rate Determination of Glucose in Fruit Drinks and Carbonated Beverages. An Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Experiment for Food Science-Oriented Students Argyro-Maria G. Vasilarou and Constantinos A. Georgiou
This laboratory experiment demonstrates the implementation of reaction rate kinetic methods of analysis, the use of enzymes as selective analytical reagents for the determination of substrates, the kinetic masking of ascorbic acid interference, and the analysis of glucose in drinks and beverages.
Vasilarou, Argyro-Maria G.; Georgiou, Constantinos A. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1327.
Enzymes |
Food Science |
Kinetics |
Quantitative Analysis |
Carbohydrates
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The Other Double Helix--The Fascinating Chemistry of Starch Robert D. Hancock and Bryon J. Tarbet
The chemistry of starch, particularly the structure of starch and starch granules.
Hancock, Robert D.; Tarbet, Bryon J. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 988.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Carbohydrates |
Food Science |
Stereochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Letters
Points out that solid NaHSO3 does not exist.
Tudela, David. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 830.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Carbohydrates
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SOS: A Mnemonic for the Stereochemistry of Glucose Ronald Starkey
The mnemonic SOS (Same, Opposite, Same) can be helpful to recall the stereochemistry in either D-glucose or L-glucose. It refers to the configurations of C-2, C-3, and C-4 relative to that of C-5 in an aldohexose.
Starkey, Ronald. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 734.
Carbohydrates |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Sugar Wordsearch Terry L. Helser
Wordsearch puzzle containing 29 names, terms, prefixes and acronyms that describe sugars and their polymers.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 480.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
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An Analytical Laboratory Experiment in Error Analysis: Repeated Determination of Glucose Using Commercial Glucometers Paul L. Edmiston and Theodore R. Williams
Glucometers measure reflectance from enzyme test strips to quantitate glucose concentrations in blood. Since the typical measurement takes less than two minutes, large data sets can be obtained for statistical analysis. Students design experiments to answer specific questions concerning the performance of the glucometers.
Edmiston, Paul L.; Williams, Theodore R. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 377.
Chemometrics |
Carbohydrates |
Enzymes
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An Alternative Procedure for the Glucose Oxidase Assay of Glucose as Applied to the Lactase Activity Assay T. Corbin Mullis, Jeffery T. Winge, and S. Todd Deal
The glucose oxidase assay of glucose has been modified to eliminate the use of micropipets. The modification involves the use of disposable Pasteur pipets and a specified number of drops of each reagent. This simplified technique gives accurate and reproducible results.
Mullis, T. Corbin; Winge, Jeffery T.; Deal, S. Todd. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1711.
Enzymes |
Carbohydrates |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management
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Identifying Softwoods and Hardwoods by Infrared Spectroscopy Brady Barker and Noel L. Owen
Infrared spectra of 45 softwoods and hardwoods have been recorded. The wavenumber values of the carbonyl stretching vibration and one of the ring-breathing modes of lignin are used to distinguish softwoods from hardwoods. The differences between the absorption bands for the softwoods and hardwoods in each instance are shown to be statistically significant.
Barker, Brady; Owen, Noel L. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1706.
Carbohydrates |
Instrumental Methods |
IR Spectroscopy |
Plant Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Demonstration of Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Sucrose S. M. Mahurin, R. N. Compton, and Richard N. Zare
A method for demonstrating and measuring the optical activity of chiral molecules in solution is described in which the rotation of linearly polarized light is directly observed at right angles to the propagation of light in the liquid.
Mahurin, S. M.; Compton, Robert N.; Zare, Richard N. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1234.
Instrumental Methods |
Lasers |
Spectroscopy |
Carbohydrates
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A New Method To Convert the Fischer Projection of Monosaccharide to the Haworth Projection Qing-zhi Zhang and Shen-song Zhang
The D,L-configuration of a sugar in Haworth projection can be directly determined by designating the R,S-configuration of the highest-numbered asymmetric carbon; that is, the most distant carbon from the anomeric carbon. The R-configuration at this carbon corresponds to the D-family, and S- to the L-family.
Zhang, Qing-zhi; Zhang, Shen-song. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 799.
Carbohydrates |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling
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A Very Simple Method Way to Convert Haworth Representation to Zigzag Representation Janine Cossy and Véronique Bellosta
A very simple method to convert Haworth representation of hexoses and pentoses to zigzag representation is proposed
Cossy, Janine; Bellosta, Véronique. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1307.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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A Simple Method To Demonstrate the Enzymatic Production of Hydrogen from Sugar Natalie Hershlag, Ian Hurley, and Jonathan Woodward
In the experimental protocol described here, it has been demonstrated that the common sugar glucose can be used to produce hydrogen using two enzymes, glucose dehydrogenase and hydrogenase. No sophisticated or expensive hydrogen detection equipment is required-only a redox dye, benzyl viologen, which turns purple when it is reduced. The color can be detected by a simple colorimeter.
Hershlag, Natalie; Hurley, Ian; Woodward, Jonathan. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1270.
Enzymes |
Kinetics |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Carbohydrates |
Applications of Chemistry
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Working with Enzymes - Where Is Lactose Digested? An Enzyme Assay for Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratories Sandi R. Pope, Tonya D. Tolleson, R. Jill Williams, Russell D. Underhill, and S. Todd Deal
An enzyme assay utilizing lactase enzyme from crushed LactAid tablets and a 5% lactose solution ("synthetic milk"). In the experiment, the students assay the activity of the enzyme on the "synthetic milk" at pHs of approximately 1, 6, and 8 with the stated goal of determining where lactose functions in the digestive tract. The activity of the lactase may be followed chromatographically or spectrophotometrically.
Pope, Sandi R.; Tolleson, Tonya D.; Williams, R. Jill; Underhill, Russell D.; Deal, S. Todd. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 761.
Enzymes |
Carbohydrates |
Catalysis |
Chromatography |
Spectroscopy |
Nutrition
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A Mini-Qualitative Carbohydrate Analysis Session Johannes S. Malherbe and Cornelius J. Meyer
A qualitative analysis scheme for a limited selection of carbohydrates (i.e. some mono- and disaccharides) using a flowchart approach. Procedures, for the preparation of all reagents, the tests and a brief description of the results are detailed.
Malherbe, Johannes S.; Meyer, Cornelius J. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1304.
Carbohydrates |
Qualitative Analysis |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Protecting Groups in Carbohydrate Chemistry Sigthór Pétursson
The most important protecting groups in carbohydrate chemistry are reviewed. The paper is aimed at those beginning to specialize in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry and at teachers with other specialties who wish to go beyond the content of general organic chemistry textbooks.
Petursson, Sigthor. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1297.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Synthesis
|
Laser-Based Liquid Prism Sucrosemeter - A Precision Optical Method to Find Sugar Concentration V. Anantha Narayanan and Radha Narayanan
A hollow prism was used in the minimum deviation position to investigate the refraction in a series of aqueous solutions of varying sucrose content. The 6328 A red line of the He-Ne 1 mW laser was used as the light source. Calibration graph of % weight of sucrose vs minimum linear deviation between incident and refracted rays is given. Sources of errors are discussed. The calibration graph was tested with success on three control sugar solutions.
Narayanan, V. Anantha; Narayanan, Radha. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 221.
Carbohydrates |
Lasers
|
Following Microscale Organic Reactions Using FT-IR Janice Ems-Wilson
This article describes an experiment that encourages discussion of carbohydrate chemistry in terms of reaction mechanisms, conformational analysis, and spectroscopy. The specific experiment involves the preparation of the bis(acetonide) of D-(+)-mannose.
Ems-Wilson, Janice. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A170.
Microscale Lab |
Carbohydrates |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Conformational Analysis |
Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
The Use of a "Qual" Centrifuge for Greatly Simplifying and Speeding the Study of Milk Quentin R. Petersen
Laboratory study of the constituents of milk is almost always slowed by difficult separation of relatively large amounts of curd and whey by filtration. In the two-and-one-half hour experiment described, only 5 mL of skim milk is used and the curd is separated from the whey by using a simple "qual" centrifuge.
J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 848.
Proteins / Peptides |
Carbohydrates |
Qualitative Analysis
|
A Simple Experiment Demonstrating the Temperature Effect in Supramolecular Chemistry Pawel K. Zarzycki and Henryk Lamparczyk
The aim of the experiment described in this article is to demonstrate the temperature influence on creation of an inclusion complex in which beta-cyclodextrin is the host molecule and phenolophtalein is the guest.
Zarzycki, Pawel K.; Lamparczyk, Henryk. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 459.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates |
Separation Science
|
Procedure Modification for the Use of Corn Starch Packing Puffs for Titration Endpoints Judith M. Bonicamp
This short article describes the use of Eco-Foam cornstarch packing puffs to make starch indicator solution.
Bonicamp, Judith M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 258.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Acids / Bases |
Carbohydrates
|
Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Volume 10, Enzymic Methods (BeMiller, James N.)
New title in a continuing series.
J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A109.
Carbohydrates |
Enzymes
|
Car + Bow + Hide + 8 + Chemist Tree Terry L. Helser
Carbohydrate rebus puzzle.
Helser, Terry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1124.
Carbohydrates |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Di-O-Isopropylidene-Mannofuranose: An Introduction to Sugar Protecting Groups Darcy, Raphael
The author describes the preparation of di-O-isopropylidene mannose as an introduction to sugar protecting-group chemistry, and an update for undergraduate sugar chemistry.
Darcy, Raphael J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1090.
Carbohydrates
|
A Handy Reagent for Testing the Reducing Power of Sugars Sandell, Arvid
Using the reduction of copper(II) as a semi-quantitative test for reducing sugars.
Sandell, Arvid J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 346.
Carbohydrates |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Coordination Compounds
|
The Blue Bottle Experiment Revisited: How Blue? How Sweet? Cook, A. Gilbert; Tolliver, Randi M.; Williams, Janelle E.
Determining whether other colors and carbohydrates are possible with the "Blue Bottle" reaction.
Cook, A. Gilbert; Tolliver, Randi M.; Williams, Janelle E. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 160.
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Carbohydrates |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An Informative Model of Haworth Structures Rowe, H. Alan.
Exercise that gives students experience in manipulating Hawthorn structures.
Rowe, H. Alan. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 131.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates
|
An inexpensive gel-filtration chromatography experiment: A simple biochemical laboratory exercise for high school and undergraduate students who make their own column and apply simple detection techniques Rowe, H. Alan
The experiment described in this paper can be conducted with a minimum of supplies and equipment at the high school or undergraduate level thus lowering the usual barriers an exercise of this type presents.
Rowe, H. Alan J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 415.
Chromatography |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Carbohydrates |
Proteins / Peptides
|
Biodegradable films: Based on partially hydrolyzed corn starch or potato starch Sommerfeld, Herbert; Blume, Rudiger
Demonstration of the promising developments in starch chemistry can be done with short and relevant classroom experiments.
Sommerfeld, Herbert; Blume, Rudiger J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A151.
Carbohydrates |
Natural Products
|
New source for starch solutions: Biodegradable pellets de Moura, John M.
Convenient way to prepare starch indicator for use in iodine titrations or in "clock" reactions.
de Moura, John M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 860.
Carbohydrates |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Preparation of sucrose octaacetate-A bitter-tasting compound. Mann, Thierry D.; Mosher, James D.; Wood, William F.
Acetylation of the eight hydroxy groups of sucrose changes its sweet taste to intensely bitter.
Mann, Thierry D.; Mosher, James D.; Wood, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 668.
Synthesis |
Carbohydrates |
Catalysis
|
The howling gummy bear Sullivan, Dan M.
This demonstration illustrates the fact that we consume high-energy foods in order to obtain the reduced carbon they contain.
Sullivan, Dan M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 326.
Carbohydrates |
Food Science |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Inclass interactive worksheets for organic chemistry Ostercamp, Daryl L.
The author has designed two in-class worksheets for use near the end of a two semester organic chemistry course, one dealing with mono- and disaccharides and the second dealing with alpha-amino acids and dipeptides.
Ostercamp, Daryl L. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 318.
Carbohydrates |
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides
|
NMR and the structure of D-glucose Gurst, Jerome E.
A discussion of typical organic chemistry textbook treatment of NMR evidence of glucose structure.
Gurst, Jerome E. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 1003.
Carbohydrates |
NMR Spectroscopy
|
Binary representation in carbohydrate nomenclature McGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B.
A binary notation is used to indicate the structure of carbohydrates.
McGinn, Clifford J.; Wheatley, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 747.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Stereochemistry
|
A mnemonic scheme for interconverting Fischer projections of open-chain monosaccharides and Haworth projections of corresponding alpha- and beta-anomeric forms Mitschele, Jonathan
Rules that make it easy for students to recognize alpha- and beta-anomers and the D and L forms of monosaccharides in their Hawthorn projections.
Mitschele, Jonathan J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 553.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
|
The energetics of aerobic versus anaerobic respiration: A biophysical chemistry laboratory experiment using an adiabatic calorimeter Champion, Timothy D.; Schwenz, Richard W.
The authors describe an exercise in which they measure the difference in energy gained from aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of glucose.
Champion, Timothy D.; Schwenz, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 528.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Carbohydrates
|
Using an oval to represent carbohydrates with hexopyranose rings Fulkrod, John E.
An shorthand alternative to representing hexopyranose rings using chair conformation structures.
Fulkrod, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 485.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Qualitative versus quantitative results: An experimental introduction to data interpretation Johnson, Eric R.; Alter, Paula
This paper describes an experiment in which the student can ascertain the meaning of a negative result from a quantitative test on the same sample.
Johnson, Eric R.; Alter, Paula J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 440.
Qualitative Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Carbohydrates
|
Carbohydrate stereochemistry Shallenberger, Robert S.; Wienen, Wanda J.
A progress in the development of general stereochemical principles has been significantly influenced by studies that led to determination of the crystalline and solution structures of sugars, the subject of carbohydrate chemistry is developed here in historical fashion.
Shallenberger, Robert S.; Wienen, Wanda J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 67.
Carbohydrates |
Stereochemistry
|
The biochemistry of brewing Bering, Charles L.
There are few topics that hold the attention of students as much as the one presented in this paper.
Bering, Charles L. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 519.
Biological Cells |
Carbohydrates |
Applications of Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Metabolism |
Enzymes |
Biotechnology |
Molecular Biology |
Consumer Chemistry
|
A laboratory exercise in the determination of carbohydrate structures White, Bernard J.; Robyt, John F.
A laboratory exercise in the determination of carbohydrate structures that introduces students to important aspects of science, such as designing experiments, making observations, and testing hypotheses.
White, Bernard J.; Robyt, John F. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 164.
Carbohydrates
|
Tollens's test, fulminating silver, and silver fulminate Jenkins, Ian D.
Preparation, application, and misinformation regarding Tollens's test for aldehydes and reducing sugars.
Jenkins, Ian D. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 164.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Carbohydrates |
Qualitative Analysis |
Laboratory Management
|
Configurations of glucose and other aldoses: New twists and reflections an old problems Bentley, Ronald; Popp, Janet L.
Develops a comprehensive treatment of the configurations of aldoses in terms of the concept of rotational symmetry.
Bentley, Ronald; Popp, Janet L. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 15.
Carbohydrates |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Simple rule for the conversion of Fischer monosaccharide projection formulas into Haworth representations Argiles, J. M.
Many students struggle with memorizing Haworth structures, the authors provide some insight on this topic to help students.
Argiles, J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 927.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Modeling
|
Total Synthesis of Natural Products: The 'Chiron' Approach (Hanessian, Stephen) Wade, Leroy G., Jr.
Details the use of carbohydrate derivatives as chiral starting points for the synthesis of chiral products.
Wade, Leroy G., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, A190.
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Carbohydrates |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Biochemistry off the shelf Wilson, Jerry L.
Rather than using animal sources for biochemistry experiments, non-animal sources are inexpensive, readily available, and require no special storage.
Wilson, Jerry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 796.
Enzymes |
Carbohydrates |
Lipids |
Metabolism
|
[Brand] rand the name with the linkage of the same Garrett, James M.
Tool for helping to remember the configuration of the glucosidic linkages in maltose and cellobiose.
Garrett, James M. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 665.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A correction on the Benedict test Hill, William D., Jr.
Sodium hydroxide is also needed for the formation of copper(I) oxide in the identification of carbohydrates.
Hill, William D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 334.
Qualitative Analysis |
Carbohydrates
|
Invert sugar (and a honey of a problem) Wendland, Ray
Question regarding the optical rotation of sucrose, and a sucrose/dextrose/levulose mixture.
Wendland, Ray J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 217.
Carbohydrates |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enzymes
|
The metabolism of carbohydrates
Traces the metabolism of carbohydrates and the flow of materials among the various resource pools in living systems.
J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 534.
Carbohydrates |
Metabolism |
Bioenergetics
|
Salt effects on the hydrolysis of sucrose Dordick, Robert S.; Clarke, George A.
Under the appropriate conditions, the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose follows pseudo-first order kinetics.
Dordick, Robert S.; Clarke, George A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 352.
Carbohydrates |
Catalysis |
Kinetics
|
Cycloamyloses Bergeron, Raymond J.
Examines an unusual carbohydrate system of current interest in the hope of generating some enthusiasm for the topic.
Bergeron, Raymond J. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 204.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Enzymes |
Spectroscopy
|
Starch solubility Mitchell, W. A.
To state categorically that amylose is insoluble in water will leave many puzzled.
Mitchell, W. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 132.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Carbohydrates
|
Paper chromatography of carbohydrates Croft, L. R.; Haghighi, S.
A simple detection reagent for carbohydrates.
Croft, L. R.; Haghighi, S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 112.
Chromatography |
Separation Science |
Carbohydrates
|
A polarimeter experiment for introductory courses Gibas, Murray A.
This note describes an experiment which can be done with an inexpensive polarimeter, requires only about 20 minutes per student, and yet gives results accurate enough to satisfy the students.
Gibas, Murray A. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 462.
Enantiomers |
Carbohydrates |
Equilibrium
|
a[alpha]- and [bet]a-D-glucose pentaacetate. An experiment in structure assignment using NMR Pearson, Wesley A.; Spessard, Gary O.
The synthesis and structural determination of alpha- and beta-D-glucose pentaacetate.
Pearson, Wesley A.; Spessard, Gary O. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 814.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Carbohydrates |
Synthesis
|
An overhead projection demonstration of optical activity Hill, John W.
An overhead projection demonstration of optical activity the makes use of two polarizing lenses and an optically active compound.
Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 574.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Carbohydrates
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Five questions requiring an application of chemical principles and their solutions.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 128.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Proteins / Peptides |
pH |
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
On diastereomeric meso compounds Andrist, A. Harry
A table of the number of diastereomeric meso diacids possible from the oxidation of carbohydrates containing different numbers of asymmetric carbon atoms.
Andrist, A. Harry J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 551.
Oxidation State |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Carbohydrates
|
A simplified proof of the constitution and configuration of D-glucose Frohwein, Y, Z.
Presents a simplified proof of the constitution and configuration of D-glucose for students being introduced to carbohydrate chemistry.
Frohwein, Y, Z. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 55.
Carbohydrates |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Letter to the editor Bhatnagar, Vijay Mohan
Distinguishes between alpha- and beta-amylose and their mixtures, particular with respect to iodimetric titrations.
Bhatnagar, Vijay Mohan J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 771.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Carbohydrates
|
Reaction rate analysis and instrumentation: An experiment for the analytical laboratory Pardue, Harry L.; Burke, Michael F.; Jones, David O.
This experiment exemplifies the use of operational amplifiers for measurement and analog computation in determining the glucose utilizing glucose enzyme.
Pardue, Harry L.; Burke, Michael F.; Jones, David O. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 684.
Kinetics |
Rate Law |
Catalysis |
Enzymes |
Carbohydrates
|
The use of talc as a tlc adsorbent Walsh, Brother Joseph M.
Describes the use of talc as a thin layer chromatography adsorbent, particularly with respect to the separation of flavonoids, sugars, and proteins.
Walsh, Brother Joseph M. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 294.
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Chromatography |
Separation Science |
Proteins / Peptides |
Carbohydrates
|
Determination of glucose: A kinetics experiment for the analytical course Toren, E. Clifford, Jr.
This determination of glucose demonstrates both kinetic and enzymatic methods of analysis.
Toren, E. Clifford, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 172.
Quantitative Analysis |
Carbohydrates |
Kinetics |
Enzymes
|
Letter to the editor Garrigan, George A.
Comments on the teaching potential of an earlier published experiment involving the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose.
Garrigan, George A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 681.
Carbohydrates |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Polyethylene and pipecleaner models of biological polymers Pollard, Harvey Bruce
An accurate method for modeling polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins involves the use of pipecleaners, polyethylene tubing, and proteins.
Pollard, Harvey Bruce J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 327.
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates
|
A panoramic approach to the proof of configuration of aldohexoses Rosenblatt, David H.
Presents a didactic approach to the classical proofs of configuration of aldohexoses.
Rosenblatt, David H. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 271.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates
|
Systematic names for the tartaric acids Baxter, J. N.
Examines the use of the small capital letters D and L in naming tartaric acids.
Baxter, J. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 619.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Acids / Bases |
Carbohydrates |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
Effect of liquid NH3 on wood: A demonstration of the alcohol structure of cellulose Hirsch, Phillis R.
A lecture demonstration of the plasticization of wood with liquid ammonia can be a very effective tool for teaching the alcohol structure of cellulose to any class studying basic organic chemistry.
Hirsch, Phillis R. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 605.
Carbohydrates |
Alcohols |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Evidence for the configuration on carbon 1 of d-glucose Sickels, Jackson P.; Schultz, Harry P.
The pyranose forms of alpha- and beta-D-glucose, because of the cyclohexane conformations of their six-membered rings, do not explain the results of the conductivity of these sugars in boric acid.
Sickels, Jackson P.; Schultz, Harry P. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 343.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates
|
The geometry of giant molecules Price, Charles C.
The author examines a variety of specific examples of natural and synthetic polymer molecules and describes how their geometric molecular arrangements influence their properties.
Price, Charles C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 160.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Carbohydrates
|
Ciphered formulas in carbohydrate chemistry Difini, Alvaro; Neto, Jose Difini
Describes the use of schematic formulas as an aid to rapidly representing configurations for monosaccharides.
Difini, Alvaro; Neto, Jose Difini J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 38.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Schematic models of biochemical polymers Blackwell, R. Quentin
Demonstrates the use of plastic necklace beads to represent polysaccharides, peptides and proteins, and nucleotides.
Blackwell, R. Quentin J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 500.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Carbohydrates
|
A chart of the stereochemical relationships of the aldoses Nelson, Peter F.
Provides a chart of the stereochemical relationships of the aldoses that allows students to review and visualize the Rosanoff classification by comparing the D and L enantiomeric forms.
Nelson, Peter F. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 179.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Carbohydrates |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
Some difficulties and common errors related to the designation of sugar configurations Abernethy, John Leo
Examines some difficulties and common errors related to the designation of sugar configurations.
Abernethy, John Leo J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 88.
Carbohydrates |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers
|
A mnemonic for the monosaccharides Leary, R. H.
Presents a mnemonic for the D-series monosaccharides.
Leary, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 409.
Carbohydrates
|
A mnemonic acid for aldoses Deloach, Will S.; Brandon, Ann
Presents a mnemonic aid for remembering the D-aldoses (through the hexoses).
Deloach, Will S.; Brandon, Ann J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 136.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Carbohydrates
|
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