| Journal Articles: 34 results |
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Synthesis of Albendazole Metabolite: Characterization and HPLC Determination Graciela Mahler, Danilo Davyt, Sandra Gordon, Marcelo Incerti, Ivana Núñez, Horacio Pezaroglo, Laura Scarone, Gloria Serra, Mauricio Silvera, and Eduardo Manta
In this laboratory activity, students are introduced to the synthesis of an albendazole metabolite obtained by a sulfide oxidation reaction. Albendazole as well as its metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, are used as anthelmintic drugs. The oxidation reagent is H2O2 in acetic acid. The reaction is environmental friendly, fast, and proceeds with high yield. The crude reaction is analyzed by HPLC chromatography to determine purity. The simplicity of the experiment allows students to study chiral concepts, physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of the compounds, and HPLC determinations.
Mahler, Graciela; Davyt, Danilo; Gordon, Sandra; Incerti, Marcelo; Núñez, Ivana; Pezaroglo, Horacio; Scarone, Laura; Serra, Gloria; Silvera, Mauricio; Manta, Eduardo. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1652.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
HPLC |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Organosulfur Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Synthesis
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Molecules and Medicine (E. J. Corey, Barbara Czakó, and László Kürti) Robert E. Buntrock
Looking for a book on common drugs and pharmaceuticals? On diseases and medical conditions? On pharmacology? In addition, do you need some background in chemistry to handle all of this information? If you want all of this, and in addition want it under one cover, then this is the book for you.
Buntrock, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1495.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Synthesis |
Toxicology
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Synthesis of the Commercial Antidepressant Moclobemide Jesse D. More
Describes an experiment for the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory in which students synthesize the commercial antidepressant drug moclobemide, marketed under the trade name Manerix, in one step using commercially available material. The purity and identity of the product are confirmed by melting point and NMR and IR spectroscopy.
More, Jesse D. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1424.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
IR Spectroscopy |
Medicinal Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
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The Preparation and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of a Library of Esters Elizabeth M. Sanford and Traci L. Smith
In this investigative case study, students work collaboratively to prepare and characterize a library of esters using Fischer esterification and alcoholysis of acid chlorides and their subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis by pig liver and orange peel esterases.
Sanford, Elizabeth M.; Smith, Traci L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 944.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Enzymes |
Esters |
Industrial Chemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography
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Synthesis of Diapocynin Mina S. Dasari, Kristy M. Richards, Mikaela L. Alt, Clark F. P. Crawford, Amanda Schleiden, Jai Ingram, Abdel Aziz Amadou Hamidou, Angela Williams, Patricia A. Chernovitz, Rensheng Luo, Grace Y. Sun, Ron Luchtefeld, and Robert E. Smith
Diapocynin is synthesized by the oxidative coupling of apocynin and analyzed by FTIR, 1H NMR, and negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization LCMS.
Dasari, Mina S.; Richards, Kristy M.; Alt, Mikaela L.; Crawford, Clark F. P.; Schleiden, Amanda; Ingram, Jai; Hamidou, Abdel Aziz Amadou; Williams, Angela; Chernovitz, Patricia A.; Luo, Rensheng; Sun, Grace Y.; Luchtefeld, Ron; Smith, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 411.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
HPLC |
Mass Spectrometry |
Phenols |
Synthesis
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Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salts of Tricyclic Cationic Drugs: A One-Pot Synthesis for the Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Linda S. Brunauer, Abid C. Mogannam, Won B. Hwee, and James Y. Chen
Describes a one-pot conversion of tricyclic cationic drugs to their quaternary ammonium forms for a widely used bioactive drug, chlorpromazine, a phenothiazine-based antipsychotic. The conversion of parent drug to the methylated form was evaluated by qualitatively measuring its ability to induce alterations in the shape of mammalian erythrocytes.
Brunauer, Linda S.; Mogannam, Abid C.; Hwee, Won B.; Chen, James Y. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1992.
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography
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Keeping Your Students Awake: Facile Microscale Synthesis of Modafinil, a Modern Anti-Narcoleptic Drug Evangelos Aktoudianakis, Rui Jun Lin, and Andrew P. Dicks
Describes the microscale preparation of modafinil, a pharmaceutical recently approved for the treatment of narcolepsy, by a sulfide oxidation reaction. An unusual feature of modafinil is the presence of a chiral sulfoxide functionality where a sulfur atom acts as a stereocenter, demonstrating that atoms other than carbon can act as centers of chirality.
Aktoudianakis, Evangelos; Lin, Rui Jun; Dicks, Andrew P. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1832.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
Stereochemistry
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Chemical Aspects of General Anesthesia: Part II. Current Practices Robert Brunsvold and Daryl L. Ostercamp
With the basic elements of balanced general anesthesia in place by the 1950s, the focus turned to developing safer and more effective agents and to improving procedures. During the last half-century a new generation of intravenous induction anesthetics, inhalational anesthetics, and muscle relaxants has emerged.
Brunsvold, Robert; Ostercamp, Daryl L. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1826.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Synthesis
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Chemical Aspects of General Anesthesia: Part I. From Ether to Halothane Robert Brunsvold and Daryl L. Ostercamp
Summarizes general anesthesia from 1846 to 1956. Events leading up to the adoption of a "balanced" approach, where a sequence of individual compounds is used rather than a single agent, are described.
Brunsvold, Robert; Ostercamp, Daryl L. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1821.
Acids / Bases |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Synthesis
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Chemical Aspects of Local and Regional Anesthesia Robert Brunsvold and Daryl L. Ostercamp
The chemistry that underlies the development of local and regional anesthesia is explored. Emphasis is placed upon the importance of acidity constants and lipophilic versus hydrophilic character in interpreting what affect a particular compound has upon biological processes.
Brunsvold, Robert; Ostercamp, Daryl L. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1816.
Acids / Bases |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Applications of Chemistry
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The Amazingly Versatile Titanocene Derivatives Donald C. Bowman
Derivatives of titanocene are remarkably versatile in their chemical applications. This article presents a brief review of the derivatives' uses in the fields of polymers, medical oncology, and organic synthesis.
Bowman, Donald C. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 735.
Applications of Chemistry |
Catalysis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Organometallics |
Polymerization |
Synthesis
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The Discovery and Development of Cisplatin Rebecca A. Alderden, Matthew D. Hall, and Trevor W. Hambley
Cisplatin is currently one of the most widely used anticancer drugs in the world. The unlikely events surrounding the discovery of its anticancer activity, subsequent introduction into the clinic, and the continuing research into platinum compounds is the subject of this review.
Alderden, Rebecca A.; Hall, Matthew D.; Hambley, Trevor W. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 728.
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Coordination Compounds |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Metallic Bonding |
Oxidation State |
Synthesis
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A Greener Approach to Aspirin Synthesis Using Microwave Irradiation Ingrid Montes, David Sanabria, Marilyn García,, Joaudimir Castro, and Johanna Fajardo
Presents an inquiry-based laboratory experience based on the use of a microwave oven as a means for a comparative study of the effect of different catalysts in the synthesis of aspirin.
Montes, Ingrid; Sanabria, David; García,, Marilyn; Castro, Joaudimir; Fajardo, Johanna. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 628.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Esters |
Green Chemistry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Reactions |
Synthesis |
Thin Layer Chromatography
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Microscale Synthesis and Spectroscopic Analysis of Flutamide, an Antiandrogen Prostate Cancer Drug Ryan G. Stabile and Andrew P. Dicks
The synthesis involves N-acylation of a trisubstituted aromatic compound, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitroaniline. The procedure is easily adapted to generate structural analogues of flutamide. A significant feature is the curricular flexibility afforded by this experiment.
Stabile, Ryan G.; Dicks, Andrew P. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1439.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
IR Spectroscopy |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
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Semi-Microscale Williamson Ether Synthesis and Simultaneous Isolation of an Expectorant from Cough Tablets Ryan G. Stabile and Andrew P. Dicks
Procedure for synthesis of the active ingredient in many well-known, over-the-counter cough syrups - 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol, an aromaric ether.
Stabile, Ryan G.; Dicks, Andrew P. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 313.
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Stereochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Ethers |
Aromatic Compounds |
Medicinal Chemistry
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Combinatorial Synthesis and Discovery of an Antibiotic Compound. An Experiment Suitable for High School and Undergraduate Laboratories Scott E. Wolkenberg and Andrew I. Su
An experiment designed to introduce students to combinatorial chemistry as applied to drug discovery.
Wolkenberg, Scott E.; Su, Andrew I. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 784.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Combinatorial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
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An Indexed Combinatorial Library: The Synthesis and Testing of Insect Repellents William H. Miles, Kathy A. Gelato, Kristen M. Pompizzi, Aislinn M. Scarbinsky, Brian K. Albrecht, and Elaine R. Reynolds
An indexed combinatorial library of amides was prepared by the reaction of amines and acid chlorides; a simple test for insect repellency using fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) allowed the determination of the most repellent sublibraries.
Miles, William H.; Gelato, Kathy A.; Pompizzi, Kristen M.; Scarbinsky, Aislinn M.; Albrecht, Brian K.; Reynolds, Elaine R. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 540.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis |
Combinatorial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds
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Correction to "Drug Metabolism: The Body's Defense against Chemical Attack" (J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 349-353)
Corrections to molecular structures.
J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 312.
Carbohydrates |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Enzymes |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Metabolism |
Synthesis
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A Short, One-Pot Synthesis of Bupropion (Zyban®, Wellbutrin®) Daniel M. Perrine, Jason T. Ross, Stephen J. Nervi, and Richard H. Zimmerman
A one-pot synthesis of ()-2-(t-butylamino)-3'-chloropropiophenone (bupropion) as its hydrochloride salt (Zyban, Wellbutrin), an important antidepressant drug used in the treatment of nicotine addiction, is described. The procedure is suitable for students in their first year of organic chemistry.
Perrine, Daniel M.; Ross, Jason T.; Nervi, Stephen J.; Zimmerman, Richard H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1479.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Industrial Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Applications of Chemistry
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Multicomponent Reactions: A Convenient Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Experiment Ricardo Bossio, Stefano Marcaccini, Carlos F. Marcos, and Roberto Pepino
Two experiments for the synthesis of a -lactam and a succinimide, based on a 4-component Ugi condensation. The experimental procedures for both syntheses are identical except for the choice of the starting amine, whose electron richness is controlled by the presence or absence of an electron-withdrawing group.
Bossio, Ricardo; Marcaccini, Stefano; Marcos, Carlos F.; Pepino, Roberto. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 382.
Synthesis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Synthesis of the Sweetener Dulcin from the Analgesic Tylenol Brian D. Williams, Birute Williams, and Louise Rodino
A sequence suitable for the synthesis of the sweetener dulcin from the analgesic acetaminophen. The analgesic phenacetin is isolated during the synthesis as an intermediate and consequently the experiment can be adopted as a multistep synthesis or as either of two single-period transformations.
Williams, Brian D.; Williams, Birute; Rodino, Louise. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 357.
Synthesis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
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Microwave Irradiation Reactions: Synthesis of Analgesic Drugs Gholam A. Mirafzal and Jolene M Summer
Over-the-counter analgesics such as aspirin, acetanilide, phenacetin, and acetaminophen are conveniently prepared in a microwave at 30% power for five minutes. Recrystallization from appropriate solvents results in solid products in good to excellent yields.
Mirafzal, Gholam A.; Summer, Jolene M. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 356.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Esters
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Experiments with Aspirin Londa L. Borer and Edward Barry
Experiments include (i) synthesis, purification, and characterization of aspirin by mp and TLC, (ii) percentage composition of a commercial aspirin tablet by titration, (iii) kinetics of the hydrolysis of aspirin to salicylic acid under various conditions, (iv) synthesis and characterization of copper(II) aspirinate and copper(II) salicylate, and (v) reaction of copper(II) aspirinate in aqueous solution.
Borer, Londa L.; Barry, Edward. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 354.
Synthesis |
Kinetics |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Aromatic Compounds
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Synthesis of NMP, a Fluoxetine (Prozac) Precursor, in the Introductory Organic Laboratory Daniel M. Perrine, Nathan R. Sabanayagam, and Kristy J. Reynolds
A synthesis of the immediate precursor of the widely used antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) is described. The procedure is short, safe, and simple enough to serve as a laboratory exercise for undergraduate students in the second semester of introductory organic chemistry and is one which will be particularly interesting to those planning a career in the health sciences.
Perrine, Daniel M.; Sabanayagam, Nathan R.; Reynolds, Kristy J. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1266.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Industrial Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
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The Art and Science of Organic and Natural Products Synthesis K. C. Nicolaou, E. J. Sorensen, and N. Winssinger
In this article, the history of the art and science of organic and natural products synthesis is briefly reviewed and the state of the art is discussed. The impact of this discipline on biology and medicine is amply demonstrated with examples, and projections for future developments in the field are made.
Nicolaou, K. C.; Sorensen, E. J.; Winssinger, N. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1225.
Natural Products |
Synthesis |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals
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An Efficient Microscale Procedure for the Synthesis of Aspirin Sangeeta Pandita and Samta Goyal
We have found that aspirin can be synthesized on microscale by a simple and efficient procedure that eliminates the heating step employed in literature procedures and gives a pure, ferric-negative product (no purple color with alcoholic ferric chloride solution).
Pandita, Sangeeta; Goyal, Samta. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 770.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals
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The Sassafras Tree and Designer Drugs: From Herbal Tea to Ecstasy French, Larry G.
Using historical development of material from the sassafras tree and elicit synthesis of the drug ecstasy (MDMA) as a venue for presenting methodology for amine synthesis in organic chemistry.
French, Larry G. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 484.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Plant Growth Regulators Phenylpyridylureas: An "Agrorganic" Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment Hocquet, Alexandre; Tohier, Jacques; Fournier, Josette
This lab could represent an undergraduate comparative synthesis and analysis of biologically active molecules, suitable for an introductory lab session.
Hocquet, Alexandre; Tohier, Jacques; Fournier, Josette J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1092.
Agricultural Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis
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A facile semisynthesis of the antimalarial drug Qinghaosu Roth, Ronald J.; Acton, Nancy
Semisynthesis of the antimalarial drug.
Roth, Ronald J.; Acton, Nancy J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 612.
Synthesis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Medicinal Chemistry
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Microscale synthesis of cis-diamminedihaloplatinum(II) and a corresponding trans isomer: A rapid and convenient method of preparing cisplatin - An anticancer drug. A laboratory experiment for inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry Singh, Mono M.; Szafran, Zvi; Pike, Ronald M.
Involves drug synthesis, application of the trans effect, and preparation and characterization of isomers under different reaction conditions.
Singh, Mono M.; Szafran, Zvi; Pike, Ronald M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A261.
Microscale Lab |
Synthesis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Bioinorganic Chemistry |
Diastereomers
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Synthesis of the anticonvulsant drug 5,5-diphenylhydantoin: an undergraduate organic chemistry experiment Hayward, Rodney C.
The hydantions are a drug family lying within the broadly related ureide structural frame which encompasses many of the anticonvulsant drugs used in the treatment of the various types of epilepsy.
Hayward, Rodney C. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 512.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis
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Drugs in the chemistry laboratory: The conversion of acetaminophen into phenacetin Volker, Eugene J.; Pride, Ernest; Hough, Charles
The phenolic alcohol group of acetaminophen is alkylated with ethyl iodide using the basic catalyst K2CO3.
Volker, Eugene J.; Pride, Ernest; Hough, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 831.
Nonmajor Courses |
Applications of Chemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Synthesis |
Catalysis |
Phenols |
Alcohols
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A synthesis of amphetamine Wassink, B. H. Groot; Duijndam, A.; Jansen, A. C. A.
In the course of the authors' educational program in pharmacochemsitry, literature research was performed on the synthesis of amphetamine and pervitin. They share a procedure for these synthesis.
Wassink, B. H. Groot; Duijndam, A.; Jansen, A. C. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 671.
Synthesis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals
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A multidimensional experiment. Synthesis of sulfa drug and its use as a chemotherapeutic agent Krantz, A.; Jesaitis, R. G.
Students synthesize sulfanilamide or sulfathiazole and independently investigate their effect on bacteria cultures.
Krantz, A.; Jesaitis, R. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 76.
Synthesis |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals
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