| Journal Articles: 85 results |
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Frank Westheimer's Early Demonstration of Enzymatic Specificity Addison Ault
Reviews one of the most significant accomplishments of one of the most respected chemists of the 20th centurya series of stereospecific enzymatic oxidation and reduction experiments that led chemists to recognize enantiotopic and diastereotopic relationships of atoms, or groups of atoms, within molecules.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1246.
Asymmetric Synthesis |
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Catalysis |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Enzymes |
Isotopes |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stereochemistry
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Polymer-Supported Reagents and 1H–19F NMR Couplings: The Synthesis of 2-Fluoroacetophenone Nicola Pohl and Kimberly Schwarz
Describes an experiment in which 2-bromoacetophenone is converted to 2-fluoroacetophenone using a solid-phase nucleophilic fluorine source. The experiment introduces students to the utility of solid-phase reagents in organic synthesis, to NMR-active nuclei other than 1H without the requirement of a special NMR probe, and to the unique uses of fluorine in molecular design.
Pohl, Nicola; Schwarz, Kimberly. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 834.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Synthesis
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Pyrolysis of Aryl Sulfonate Esters in the Absence of Solvent: E1 or E2? A Puzzle for the Organic Laboratory John J. Nash, Marnie A. Leininger, and Kurt Keyes
An aryl sulfonate ester is synthesized and then pyrolyzed at reduced pressure. The volatile products are analyzed using gas chromatography to determine whether the thermal decomposition occurs via an E1 or E2 mechanism.
Nash, John J.; Leininger, Marnie A.; Keyes, Kurt . J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 552.
Alkenes |
Carbocations |
Elimination Reactions |
Gas Chromatography |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
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A Discovery-Based Experiment Involving Rearrangement in the Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Richard A. Kjonaas and Ryand J. F. Tucker
This article reports a discovery-based experiment in which students convert three alcohols to alkyl halides under acidic conditions and record the 13C NMR spectrum in each case. By comparing the number of resonances observed with the number of resonances predicted for each possible product, students draw several conclusions about the resulting rearrangement.
Kjonaas, Richard A.; Tucker, Ryand J. F. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 100.
Alcohols |
Carbocations |
Gas Chromatography |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Reaction-Map of Organic Chemistry Steven Murov
The Reaction-Map of Organic Chemistry has been designed to provide an overview of most of the reactions needed for the organic chemistry course and should help students develop synthetic routes from one functional group to another.
Murov, Steven. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1224.
Addition Reactions |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Elimination Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Reactions |
Synthesis |
Enrichment / Review Materials
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pHantastic Fluorescence Mark Muyskens
Students easily extract a fluorescent substance from shavings of a wood called narra. The fluorescence is dramatically pH dependent and can be turned on and off repeatedly using commonly available acid and base solutions.
Muyskens, Mark. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 768A.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Natural Products |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
pH |
Solutions / Solvents |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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The Finkelstein Reaction: Quantitative Reaction Kinetics of an SN2 Reaction Using Nonaqueous Conductivity R. David Pace and Yagya Regmi
Presents a quantitative kinetics laboratory exercise featuring the Finkelstein reaction (SN2) for use in the first-semester organic chemistry course that utilizes nonaqueous conductivity as the method by which relevant structuretemperaturesolvent effects are examined.
Pace, R. David; Regmi, Yagya. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1344.
Calibration |
Kinetics |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Solutions / Solvents
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Semiempirical and DFT Investigations of the Dissociation of Alkyl Halides Jack R. Waas
Enthalpy changes corresponding to the gas phase heats of dissociation of 12 organic halides were calculated using two semiempirical methods, the HartreeFock method, and two DFT methods. All five methods agreed generally with the expected empirically known trends in the dissociation of alkyl halides.
Waas, Jack R. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1017.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Computational Chemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Modeling |
Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates |
Thermodynamics |
Elimination Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Alkynes via the Alkylation of Sodium Acetylides. An Introduction to Synthetic Design for Organic Chemistry Students Jennifer N. Shepherd and Jason R. Stenzel
Teams of students design a microscale synthesis of an unsymmetrical alkyne using commercially available terminal alkynes and alkyl halides and characterize the resulting products using TLC, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Depending on the chosen reactants, students observe both substitution and elimination products, or in some cases, no reaction at all.
Shepherd, Jennifer N.; Stenzel, Jason R. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 425.
Alkylation |
Alkynes |
Elimination Reactions |
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Synthesis
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The Tragedy of Hamlet, Son of an Organic Chemist of Denmark Ronald G. Brisbois
Herein, Hamlet (the son of an organic chemist of Denmark) is the surrogate of any and every student as he uses a thoroughly Shakespearean approach to sorting out some of the key distinguishing features of SN2 versus SN1 reactions.
Brisbois, Ronald G. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 502.
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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The Substitution–Elimination Mechanistic Disc Method Paul T. Buonora and Yu Jin Lim
In this manuscript a mnemonic device designed to facilitate presentation of the competing SN1, SN2, E1, and E2 mechanisms is presented.
Buonora, Paul T.; Lim, Yu Jin. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 368.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Elimination Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Using Conductivity Devices in Nonaqueous Solutions II: Demonstrating the SN2 Mechanism Thomas A. Newton and Beth Ann Hill
The use of a conductivity apparatus in nonaqueous solutions to demonstrate structurereactivity correlations and solvent effects in the SN2 reaction is described.
Newton, Thomas A.; Hill, Beth Ann. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 61.
Conductivity |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Using Conductivity Devices in Nonaqueous Solutions I: Demonstrating the SN1 Mechanism Thomas A. Newton and Beth Ann Hill
The use of a conductivity apparatus in nonaqueous solutions to demonstrate structurereactivity correlations and solvent effects in the SN1 reaction is described.
Newton, Thomas A.; Hill, Beth Ann. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 58.
Conductivity |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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The Study of Elimination Reactions Using Gas Chromatography: An Experiment for the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Devin Latimer
This article describes an investigation of elimination reactions of alkyl halides. 1-Bromopentane or 2-bromopentane are reacted with either sodium ethoxide or potassium tert-butoxide. Gas chromatography is used to monitor the relative amounts of 1-pentene, (E)-2-pentene, and (Z)-2-pentene produced.
Latimer, Devin. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1183.
Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods |
Synthesis |
Gas Chromatography |
Elimination Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry
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Spiral Puzzle for Organic Chemistry Students Ender Erdik
Puzzle to review organic reactions and their reagents.
Erdik, Ender. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 428.
Synthesis |
Learning Theories |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Addition Reactions |
Alkylation |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Elimination Reactions |
Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Grignard Reagents
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Dendrimers: Branching Out of Polymer Chemistry Eric E. Simanek and Sergio O. Gonzalez
Addresses synthetic concepts surrounding dendrimers including the use of protecting groups, functional group interconversions, and convergent and divergent synthetic strategies.
Simanek, Eric E.; Gonzalez, Sergio O. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1222.
Materials Science |
Synthesis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Addition Reactions |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkylation |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Of Magnets and Mechanisms Edward G. Neeland
Using magnets to demonstrate the electron flow (mechanism) of nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Neeland, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 186.
Magnetic Properties |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Learning Theories |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Preparation of a D-Glucose-Derived Alkene. An E2 Reaction for the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Peter Norris and Andrew Fluxe
Synthesis of four carbohydrate derivatives that highlight techniques such as inert atmosphere work, rotary evaporators, and flash column chromatography.
Norris, Peter; Fluxe, Andrew. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1676.
Carbohydrates |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Alkenes |
Elimination Reactions |
Chromatography
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Intermediates, Transition States, Butterflies, and Frogs Trevor M. Kitson
The changes that occur in typical simple SN1 and SN2 reactions are compared to the metamorphoses undergone by caterpillars and tadpoles, respectively.
Kitson, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 504.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry. 5. Stereochemistry of E2 Elimination: Elimination of cis- and trans-2-Methylcyclohexyl Tosylate Marcus E. Cabay, Brad J. Ettlie, Adam J. Tuite, Kurt A. Welday, and Ram S. Mohan
A discovery-oriented lab that illustrates the stereochemistry of the E2 elimination reaction and is a good exercise in 1H NMR spectroscopy. The added element of discovery insures that student interest and enthusiasm are retained.
Cabay, Marcus E.; Ettlie, Brad J.; Tuite, Adam J.; Welday, Kurt A.; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 79.
IR Spectroscopy |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Elimination Reactions |
Reactions |
Alkenes
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Molecular Orbital Animations for Organic Chemistry Steven A. Fleming, Greg R. Hart, and Paul B. Savage
Introduces the application of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs and LUMOs) in animated form.
Fleming, Steven A.; Hart, Greg R.; Savage, Paul B. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 790.
MO Theory |
Molecular Modeling |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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"New" Compounds from Old Plastics: Recycling PET Plastics via Depolymerization. An Activity for the Undergraduate Organic Lab Don Kaufman, Geoff Wright, Ryan Kroemer, and Josh Engel
This paper describes work done to develop a meaningful undergraduate organic lab activity that illustrates chemistry of the real world while utilizing reactions typically included in the organic lecture and lab. We show how a common plastic can be converted into several compounds using ester hydrolysis and SN2 reactions.
Kaufman, Don; Wright, Geoff; Kroemer, Ryan; Engel, Josh. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1525.
Consumer Chemistry |
Synthesis |
Esters |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Mechanism Templates: Lecture Aids for Effective Presentation of Mechanism in Introductory Organic Chemistry Brian J. McNelis
To promote active student learning of mechanism in introductory organic chemistry, hand-outs have been developed with incomplete structures for reaction processes depicted, which are called mechanism templates. The key to these lecture aids is to provide only enough detail in the diagram to facilitate notetaking, ensuring that these templates are dynamic learning tools that must be utilized by an engaged and alert student.
Brian J. McNelis. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 479.
Learning Theories |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Addition Reactions |
Acids / Bases |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Nucleophilic Addition vs. Substituion: A Puzzle for the Organic Laboratory Ernest F. Silversmith
The chemistry of beta-carbonyl compounds is studied. Beta-carbonyl compounds react with hydrazines to give products with a 5-membered ring containing two nitrogens. The experiment makes students determine whether ethyl 2-acetyl-3-oxobutanoate reacts like a beta-diketone or like a beta-keto ester.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 221.
Learning Theories |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Visualizing the SN2 Inversion Rosan, Alan M.
Slight modification to the construction of the model presented.
Rosan, Alan M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A228.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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The Neglected Element in Sophomore Organic Chemistry Kelly L. Bieda and Suzzane T. Purrington
There are many aspects of organic chemistry that would benefit from the inclusion of organofluorine chemistry. The properties of fluorine help in the clarification of many topics such as bond strength, leaving groups, substitution reactions, radical reactions, polymers, pharmaceuticals, and enzymes.
Bieda, Kelly L.; Purrington, Suzanne T. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 754.
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Enzymes |
Polymerization |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Iron(III) Chloride as a Lewis Acid in the Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reaction William H. Miles, Charles F. Nutaitis, and Christian A. Anderton
The Friedel-Crafts reaction receives extensive coverage in sophomore organic chemistry. The most widely used Lewis acid for the Friedel-Crafts reaction is aluminum chloride. The safety and handling problems associated with using aluminum chloride prompted us to examine iron(III) chloride as an alternative Lewis acid for the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction.
Miles, William H.; Nutaitis, Charles F.; Anderton, Christian A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 272.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Animation of Imaginary Frequencies at the Transition State Higgins, Robert H.
176. Computer simulations of reactions mechanisms using HyperChem and ChemPlus software.
Higgins, Robert H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 703.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Reactive Intermediates |
Computational Chemistry |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Propylene Oxide Addition to Hydrochloric Acid: A Textbook Error Rebecca E. Phillips and Robert L. Soulen
Procedure illustrating organic synthesis involving propylene oxide, a major industrial chemical, and important features of the SN1 and SN2 mechanisms (there are some differences on how this reaction is described in several organic textbooks).
Phillips, Rebecca E.; Soulen, Robert L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 624.
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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A Model To Show the SN2 Inversion Sands, Richard D.; Dressman, Devin C.; Wyatt, Shawn R.
Paper model illustrating the SN2 inversion.
Sands, Richard D.; Dressman, Devin C.; Wyatt, Shawn R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 428.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Molecular Modeling
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Chart for Deciding Mechanism for Reaction of Alkyl Halide with Nucleophile/Base McClelland, Bruce W.
The decision chart offered here is based upon the well-known and accepted characteristics of the reaction system mechanisms described in typical introductory organic chemistry textbooks.
McClelland, Bruce W. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1047.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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The Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Revisited: The Evelyn Effect Todd, David
Modification to an earlier procedure that allows students to observe the results of a hydride shift mechanism.
Todd, David J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 440.
Alcohols |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Gas Chromatography |
Alkenes |
Elimination Reactions
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A New Approach To Teaching Organic Chemical Mechanisms Wentland, Stephen H.
Describing the mechanisms of organic reactions using five simple steps or operations.
Wentland, Stephen H. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 3.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Addition Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Elimination Reactions |
Resonance Theory |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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GC/MS experiments for the organic chemistry laboratory: I. E2 elimination of 2-bromo-2-methyloctane Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie; Martin, Kristy A.; Green, John; Lytle, Scott
Two capillary GC/MS experiments that were designed for and tested in a sophomore organic laboratory course.
Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie; Martin, Kristy A.; Green, John; Lytle, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A103.
Gas Chromatography |
Alkenes |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols |
Elimination Reactions |
Synthesis
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The aromatic substitution game Zanger, Murray; Gennaro, Alfonso R.; McKee, James R.
This paper describes a game used to bring attention to the need for students to reconsider substitution theories learned in earlier chapters.
Zanger, Murray; Gennaro, Alfonso R.; McKee, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 985.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Synthesis
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Microscale elimination reactions: Experiments for organic chemistry using the small scale approach Gilow, Helmuth M.
Procedure illustrating E1 and E2 reactions.
Gilow, Helmuth M. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A265.
Microscale Lab |
Reactions |
Elimination Reactions |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Catalysis
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The dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromobutane: A simple illustration of anti-Saytzeff elimination as a laboratory experiment for organic chemistry. Leone, Stephen A.; Davis, J. David.
A quantitative microscale experiment of the dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromobutane to explore how increasing the base size affects the distribution of products.
Leone, Stephen A.; Davis, J. David. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A175.
Microscale Lab |
Elimination Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Structure, chirality, and FT-NMR in sophomore organic chemistry Chapman, Orville L.; Russell, Arlene A.
An experimental approach (NMR) to teaching organic structure.
Chapman, Orville L.; Russell, Arlene A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 779.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Elimination Reactions
|
Decarboxylative elimination of 2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid to E or Z 1-bromo-2-phenylethylene (Beta-Bromostyrene): An experiment illustrating solvent effect on the stereochemical course of a reaction Mestdagh, Helene; Puechberty, Anne
An experiment illustrating solvent effect on the stereochemical course of a reaction.
Mestdagh, Helene; Puechberty, Anne J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 515.
Elimination Reactions |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
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Cobaloximes as vehicles for college teaching Brown, T. M.; Dronsfield, A. T.; Cooksey, C. J.; Crich, D.
Cobaloximes are probably the most accessible and "least nasty" of all organometallic compounds, are highly colored, exhibit unusual oxidation states, demonstrate a vivid nucleophilic attack, and lend themselves to chromatographic investigation without the need for UV light.
Brown, T. M.; Dronsfield, A. T.; Cooksey, C. J.; Crich, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 973.
Coordination Compounds |
Organometallics |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Nucleophilic aromatic substitution: A microscale organic experiment Avila, Walter B.; Crow, Jeffrey L.; Utermoehlen, Clifford M.
This experiment demonstrates one feasible route in preparing ortho-substituted benzoic acids and is also an example of nucleophilic aromatic substitution chemistry.
Avila, Walter B.; Crow, Jeffrey L.; Utermoehlen, Clifford M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 350.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds |
Microscale Lab |
Carboxylic Acids
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A study of the E2 reaction for the microscale organic lab Flash, Patrick; Galle, Fred; Radil, Mark
Students determine the pseudo-first-order rate constant for the elimination of HBr from 2-bromobutane and measure the yield and approximate composition of the alkene products, determine the yield of alkenes from 1-bromobutane under the same conditions, and examine the effect of changing solvent polarity on alkene yields for the two halides.
Flash, Patrick; Galle, Fred; Radil, Mark J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 958.
Elimination Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Rate Law |
Kinetics
|
Concerning orientations of certain syn-elimination reactions Ho, Tse-Lok
Explanation of an interesting aspect of the orientation of unsymmetrically substituted oxides.
Ho, Tse-Lok J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 785.
Elimination Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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A conversion of methyl ketones into acetylenes: A project for a problem oriented or microscale organic chemistry course Silveira, Augustine, Jr.; Orlando, Steven C.
The authors present their adaptation of an open-ended project on the conversion of methyl ketones into acetylenes for the microscale lab and describe its pedagogic utility.
Silveira, Augustine, Jr.; Orlando, Steven C. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 630.
Microscale Lab |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Synthesis |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Gas Chromatography
|
Flow charting leaving group reactions Hagen, James P.
The authors present a handy way of organizing information for organic chemistry learners.
Hagen, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 620.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Elimination Reactions
|
Organic lecture demonstrations Silversmith, Ernest F.
Organic chemistry may not be known for its spectacular, attention getting chemical reactions. Nevertheless, this author describes a few organic chemistry reactions that put points across and generate interest. This article provides a convenient sources of demonstrations and urges others to add to the collection. Demonstrations concerning: carbohydrates, spectroscopy, proteins, amines, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and much more.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 70.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Acids / Bases |
Physical Properties |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alcohols
|
Two working models for the SN2 mechanism Anderson, Martin M.
Design of an articulated physical model demonstrating the mechanism of the SN2 reaction.
Anderson, Martin M. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1023.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Modeling
|
Characterizing a tetrahedral intermediate in an acyl transfer reaction: An undergraduate 1H NMR demonstration Rzepa, Henry S.; Lobo, Ana M.; Marques, M. Matilde; Prabhakar, Sundaresan
A simple experiment involving the detection by 1H NMR spectroscopy of a stable intermediate formed by nucleophilic attack and its characterization as a chiral species.
Rzepa, Henry S.; Lobo, Ana M.; Marques, M. Matilde; Prabhakar, Sundaresan J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 725.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Chirality / Optical Activity
|
The reactivity selectivity principle: Should it ever be used? Buncel, Erwin; Wilson, Harold
Applications and failures of the reactivity selectivity principle; quantitative aspects of the reactivity selectivity principle; and rationalization of reactivity selectivity principle failures.
Buncel, Erwin; Wilson, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 475.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Free Radicals |
Carbocations |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
Aromatic substitution reactions: when you've said ortho, meta, and para you haven't said it all Traynham, James G.
The author presents a range of examples for nucleophilic, electrophilic, and free-radical reactions where the ipso is an important, predominant, or even exclusive site of reaction.
Traynham, James G. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 937.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Free Radicals |
Diastereomers |
Stereochemistry |
Reactions
|
Organic lecture demonstrations of common-ion effect, ionizing power of solvents, and first-order reaction kinetics Danen, Wayne C.; Blecha, Sr. M. Therese
The hydrolysis of tert-butyl chloride is the basis of three demonstrations which each illustrate an important principle of organic chemistry: the common-ion or mass law effect, the effect of changing the ionizing power of a solvent on a solvolysis reaction, and the collecting and plotting of data to illustrate a first-order reaction.
Danen, Wayne C.; Blecha, Sr. M. Therese J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 659.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Nucleophilic substitution reactions: Modifications and an extension Newton, T. A.; Warren, H. W.
Modifications to a procedure comparing the reaction of n-butyl and t-butyl alcohol with equimolar amounts of HCl and HBr.
Newton, T. A.; Warren, H. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 747.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Reactions
|
A dynamic carbon model capable of showing changes in hybridization Fountain, K. R.
It is possible to construct a simple dynamic model of a carbon atom that demonstrates the Walden inversion, the SN1 reaction, and when joined with another units like itself demonstrates the full spectrum of elimination reactions.
Fountain, K. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 379.
Molecular Modeling |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Elimination Reactions
|
Phase transfer catalysis. Part II: Synthetic applications Gokel, George W.; Weber, William P.
In this month's continuation of an article, the authors have catalogued a number of illustrative examples so that the range of applicability of phase transfer catalysis will be.
Gokel, George W.; Weber, William P. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 429.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Catalysis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Organometallics |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Synthesis |
Esters |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkylation
|
Project for problem-oriented undergraduate organic or integrated undergraduate laboratory Silveira, Augustine, Jr.
This paper reports on an open-ended project which allows a great degree of flexibility in the laboratory. The project provided about a 6-week study for groups of 24 students each.
Silveira, Augustine, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 57.
Synthesis |
Undergraduate Research |
Spectroscopy |
Diastereomers |
Addition Reactions |
MO Theory |
Elimination Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics
|
Nucleophilic substitution by phase transfer catalysis Reeves, W. Preston; White, Mitchell R.; Bier, Deana
The preparation of alkyl thiocyanates to be an excellent and versatile experiment for first year organic students.
Reeves, W. Preston; White, Mitchell R.; Bier, Deana J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 56.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Catalysis
|
A molecular model for SN2 reactions Newman, Melvin S.
Plan for a homemade mechanical model designed to demonstrate many of the features of SN2 reactions.
Newman, Melvin S. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 462.
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions
|
A simple lecture demonstration of aromatic nucleophilic substitution Smith, N. H. P.
Colors produced when various aromatic substrates are attacked by various nucleophiles (DMF, DMSO, EtOH).
Smith, N. H. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 238.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
The remarkable reactivity of aryl halides with nucleophiles Bunnett, Joseph F.
Nucleophilic attack on carbon; nucleophilic attack on hydrogen; aryl formation by halide ion loss from o-halophenyl anions; nucleophilic attack on halogen; acceptance of an electron, and its consequences.
Bunnett, Joseph F. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 312.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Reactions
|
SN1 and SN2 reactions: Paper marionette for demonstration Sone, Yachiyo; Sone, Kozo
Describes the construction of a paper marionette for demonstrating SN1 and SN2 reactions.
Sone, Yachiyo; Sone, Kozo J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 615.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Molecular Modeling
|
Experimental illustration of chemical principles in organic chemistry lectures Haberfield, Paul
Lists a series of demonstrations used in the second semester of a one year organic chemistry course.
Haberfield, Paul J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 702.
Electrophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
Nucleophilic substitution reactions at secondary carbon atoms. A modification of accepted views Raber, Douglas J.; Harris, J. Milton
Considers reaction mechanisms that are intermediate between SN1 and SN2 and the possible role of ion pairs.
Raber, Douglas J.; Harris, J. Milton J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 60.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. Concerted reactions Caserio, Marjorie C.
Examines displacement and elimination, cyclization, and rearrangement reactions, as well as theoretical considerations and generalized selection rules.
Caserio, Marjorie C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 782.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Elimination Reactions
|
Free-radical bromination of p-toluic acid. An experiment in organic chemistry Tuleen, D. L.; Hess, B. A., Jr.
This paper describes the synthesis of a-bromo-p-toluic acid (II) and the subsequent displacement of bromide ion by three nucleophiles.
Tuleen, D. L.; Hess, B. A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 476.
Free Radicals |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Hydrolysis of benzenediazonium ion Sheats, John E.; Harbison, Kenneth G.
Presents a more convenient approach to studying the kinetics of the hydrolysis of benzenediazonium ion.
Sheats, John E.; Harbison, Kenneth G. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 779.
Aromatic Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Kinetics
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Donor-acceptor interactions in organic chemistry Sunderwirth, S. G.
The purpose of this article is to aid teachers in making even more effective use of theoretical considerations in teaching organic chemistry; the primary objective is to emphasize the underlying principles that are common to the following four basic types of reactions: substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement.
Sunderwirth, S. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 728.
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Addition Reactions |
Elimination Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Nucleophilic reactivities of the halide anions Puar, Mohindar S.
Ranks the nucleophilic reactivities of free halide ions in various solvents.
Puar, Mohindar S. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 473.
Nucleophilic Substitution
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A model to demonstrate the Walden inversion Hamon, D. P. G.
Presents the design of a model capable of illustrating the Walden inversion.
Hamon, D. P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 398.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Reactions
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An experiment to illustrate nucleophilic aromatic substitution and tautomerism Farmer, J. L.; Haws, E. J.
Students hydrolyze 2-chloropyridine and then examine the tautomeric mixture produced using infrared spectroscopy.
Farmer, J. L.; Haws, E. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 41.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds |
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
IR Spectroscopy
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Resolution and stereochemistry of asymmetric silicon, germanium, tin, and lead compounds Belloli, Robert
It is the purpose of this review to summarize the results of stereochemical studies on compounds containing an asymmetric group IVA atom.
Belloli, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 640.
Stereochemistry |
Organometallics |
Enantiomers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Preparation of p-anisole: An organic chemistry experiment Smith, Richard F.; Bates, Alvin C.
In this experiment, p-anisaldehyde is converted to p-anisonitrile by a modification of the three-step aldehyde-nitrile synthesis of Smith and Walker.
Smith, Richard F.; Bates, Alvin C. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 174.
Synthesis |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Addition Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Elimination Reactions |
Catalysis
|
Hofmann elimination Lyle, Robert E.
Clarification regarding the products of Hofmann elimination reactions.
Lyle, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 547.
Elimination Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Receptors
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Bimolecular nucleophilic displacement reactions Edwards, John O.
The bimolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction is important and should be included in any detailed discussion of kinetics and mechanism at an early undergraduate level.
Edwards, John O. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 386.
Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Substitution reactions in octahedral complexes Banerjea, D.
Commentary on the cited article by one of the authors that article referenced.
Banerjea, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 485.
Coordination Compounds |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Teaching aromatic substitution: A molecular orbital approach Meislich, Herbert
This paper presents a way of teaching aromatic substitution using the concepts of alternate polarity and electron delocalization through extended pi-bonding.
Meislich, Herbert J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 153.
Aromatic Compounds |
MO Theory |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Substitution reactions in octahedral complexes Jones, G. R. H.
Examines the possibility of direct substitution, in aqueous solution, of a ligand in an octahedral complex by a nucleophile other than water or OH-.
Jones, G. R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 657.
Coordination Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Transition Elements |
Metals
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Reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. I. The experimental approach Caserio, Marjorie C.
Reviews a variety of method that may be employed to determine the mechanism of organic reactions.
Caserio, Marjorie C. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 570.
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates |
Kinetics |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Addition Reactions |
Elimination Reactions
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A simple model for the SN2 mechanism. Nyquist, H. LeRoy
Presents a simple, physical model for the SN2 mechanism.
Nyquist, H. LeRoy J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 103.
Molecular Modeling |
Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Nucleophlic substitution at a saturated carbon atom; Elimination reactions (Bunton, C. A.; Banthorpe, D. V.) Bunnett, Joseph F.
Bunnett, Joseph F. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 406.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Elimination Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
A second order kinetics experiment Teerlink, Wilford J.; Asay, Jeanette; Sugihara, James M.
Investigates the nucleophilic displacement reaction of ethyl p-toluenesulfonate by iodide in acetone.
Teerlink, Wilford J.; Asay, Jeanette; Sugihara, James M. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 161.
Kinetics |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Nucleophilic reactions at trigonally bonded carbon Cash, R. Vincent
Examines the mechanisms of nucleophilic displacement reactions, nucleophilic addition reactions, and nucleophilic addition with elimination, all at trigonally bonded carbon.
Cash, R. Vincent J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 108.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Addition Reactions |
Elimination Reactions
|
Multicenter and assisted mechanistic pathways in the reactions of organometallic compounds Dessy, Raymond E.; Paulik, Frank
Examines a variety of nucleophilic and electrophilic, multicenter and assisted mechanistic pathways in the reactions of organometallic compounds.
Dessy, Raymond E.; Paulik, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 185.
Organometallics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Electrophilic Substitution
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The principle of minimum bending of orbitals Stewart, George H.; Eyring, Henry
The authors present a theory of valency that accounts for a variety of organic and inorganic structures in a clear and easily understood manner.
Stewart, George H.; Eyring, Henry J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 550.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Elimination Reactions
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Nucleophilic substitution in aromatic systems Gillis, Richard G.
Classifies and examines various categories of nucleophilic substitution in aromatic systems.
Gillis, Richard G. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 296.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds
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Introducing stereoisomerism Schreiber, Kurt C.
Criticizes the traditional presentation of stereochemistry in isolation and offers a more integrated approach.
Schreiber, Kurt C. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 83.
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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