| Journal Articles: 161 results |
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Study of Molecular-Shape Selectivity of Zeolites by Gas Chromatography Pei-Yu Chao, Yao-Yuan Chuang, Grace Hsiuying Ho, Shiow-Huey Chuang, Tseng-Chang Tsai, Chi-Young Lee, Shang-Tien Tsai, and Jun-Fu Huang
This analytical or physical chemistry sorption experiment uses hexane isomers as probe molecules to demonstrate the "molecular-shape selectivity" behavior of zeolites. Students can also modify the sorption protocol to build their own experiments.
Chao, Pei-Yu; Chuang, Yao-Yuan; Ho, Grace Hsiuying; Chuang, Shiow-Huey; Tsai, Tseng-Chang; Lee, Chi-Young; Tsai, Shang-Tien; Huang, Jun-Fu. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1558.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Constitutional Isomers |
Gas Chromatography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science |
Solid State Chemistry |
Molecular Recognition
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"As Simple as Possible, but Not Simpler"—The Case of Dehydroascorbic Acid Robert C. Kerber
Textbooks routinely assign dehydroascorbic acid a tricarbonyl structure that is highly improbable in aqueous solution and inconsistent with its colorless appearance. Studies of oxidized forms of ascorbic acid are summarized here, and a plea is entered for accurate descriptions of chemical structures in this and other cases, even at the cost of some simplicity.
Kerber, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1237.
Bioorganic Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Natural Products |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Vitamins
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Radical Quenching of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A Spectrometric Determination of Antioxidant Behavior John M. Berger, Roshniben J. Rana, Hira Javeed, Iqra Javeed, and Sandi L. Schulien
Describes a colorimetric assay using the persistent radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl to measure the activity of common antioxidants. This exercise is particularly appropriate for a course geared for nutrition or food science majors.
Berger, John M.; Rana, Roshniben J.; Javeed, Hira; Javeed, Iqra; Schulien, Sandi L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 408.
Food Science |
Free Radicals |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Vitamins
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The Chemistry of Paper Preservation Henry A. Carter
This article examines the applications of chemistry to paper preservation. The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose accounts for the deterioration of paper in library books and other written records. To combat this threat to our written heritage, new permanent papers have been developed that are relatively chemically stable and undergo a very slow rate of deterioration.
Carter, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1937.
Acids / Bases |
Applications of Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Gas Chromatography |
HPLC |
pH |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
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The Aromaticity of Pericyclic Reaction Transition States Henry S. Rzepa
Presents an approach that combines two fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, chirality and aromaticity, into a simple rule for stating selection rules for pericyclic reactions in terms of achiral Hckel-aromatic and chiral Mbius-aromatic transition states.
Rzepa, Henry S. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1535.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry
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The Quartz-Crystal Microbalance in an Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment Vladimir Tsionsky
Describes a typical student experiment on the determination of the viscosity of liquids using a quartz-crystal microbalance.
Tsionsky, Vladimir. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1337.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Liquids |
Physical Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
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Entropy and the Shelf Model: A Quantum Physical Approach to a Physical Property Arnd H. Jungermann
A quantum physical approach relying on energy quantization leads to three simple rules which are the key to understanding the physical property described by molar entropy values.
Jungermann, Arnd H. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1686.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Carboxylic Acids |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Physical Properties |
Quantum Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
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Colorful Chemical Demonstrations on the Extraction of Anionic Species from Water into Ether Mediated by Tricaprylylmethylammonium Chloride (Aliquat 336), a Liquid–Liquid Phase-Transfer Agent Anil Joseph Pezhathinal, Kerensa Rocke, Louis Susanto, Derek Handke, Roch Chan-Yu-King, and Patrick Gordon
Provides a list of safe and easy experiments to demonstrate the extraction of colorful, water-soluble reagents by Aliquat 336 into ether. The demonstrations simulate the preliminary extractive step of an ionic species in liquidliquid phase transfer-catalyzed reactions and introduce various undergraduate chemistry concepts and principles to students.
Pezhathinal, Anil Joseph; Rocke, Kerensa; Susanto, Louis; Handke, Derek; Chan-Yu-King, Roch; Gordon, Patrick. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1161.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Catalysis |
Dyes / Pigments |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions
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Semiempirical and DFT Investigations of the Dissociation of Alkyl Halides Jack R. Waas
Enthalpy changes corresponding to the gas phase heats of dissociation of 12 organic halides were calculated using two semiempirical methods, the HartreeFock method, and two DFT methods. All five methods agreed generally with the expected empirically known trends in the dissociation of alkyl halides.
Waas, Jack R. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1017.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Computational Chemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Molecular Modeling |
Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates |
Thermodynamics |
Elimination Reactions |
Nucleophilic Substitution
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Further Analysis of Boiling Points of Small Molecules, CHwFxClyBrz Guy Beauchamp
Multiple linear regression analysis has proven useful in selecting predictor variables that could significantly clarify the boiling point variation of the CHwFxClyBrz molecules.
Beauchamp, Guy. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1842.
Chemometrics |
Physical Properties |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
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A Template-Controlled Solid-State Reaction for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory Tomislav Friscic, Tamara D. Hamilton, Giannis S. Papaefstathiou, and Leonard R. MacGillivray
Describes a laboratory experiment that employs linear hydrogen-bond templates to direct [2 + 2] photodimerization in the solid state. The experiment introduces undergraduates to supramolecular and solid-state chemistry, as well as aspects of green chemistry.
Friscic, Tomislav; Hamilton, Tamara D.; Papaefstathiou, Giannis S.; MacGillivray, Leonard R. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1679.
Green Chemistry |
Solid State Chemistry |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Alkenes |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Materials Science |
NMR Spectroscopy
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The Quantitative Determination of Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Chewing Gum Using GC–MS A. E. Witter
An undergraduate experiment for the quantitative determination of the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in chewing gum is described. A simple extraction procedure was used that did not require sample derivatization for analysis.
Witter, A. E. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1538.
Food Science |
Free Radicals |
Instrumental Methods |
Mass Spectrometry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Aromatic Compounds |
Chromatography |
Consumer Chemistry |
Gas Chromatography
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A Substitute for “Bromine in Carbon Tetrachloride” Joshua M. Daley and Robert G. Landolt
Benzotrifluoride (BTF) is a suitable solvent substitute for carbon tetrachloride in experiments requiring application of bromine (Br2) in free radical or addition reactions with organic substrates. A 1 M solution of Br2 in BTF may be used to distinguish hydrocarbons based on the ease of abstraction of hydrogen atoms in thermally or light-induced free radical substitutions. Efficacy of minimization of solvent use, by aliquot addition to neat samples, has been established.
Daley, Joshua M.; Landolt, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 120.
Alkenes |
Free Radicals |
Green Chemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Reactions
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A Set of Hands-On Exercises on Conformational Analysis Silvina C. Pellegrinet and Ernesto G. Mata
This article describes a set of comprehensive exercises on conformational analysis that employs a hands-on approach by the use of molecular modeling kits. In addition, the exercises provide illustrations of other topics such as nomenclature, functional groups, and isomerism, and introduce some notions of chirality.
Pellegrinet, Silvina C.; Mata, Ernesto G. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 73.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Conformational Analysis |
Constitutional Isomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
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Molecular Modeling of Non-Trivial Cyclohexane Derivatives: A Discovery Approach Gail Horowitz
An experiment is described that utilizes molecular modeling to study the effects of sp2 hybridization, bond elongation, and heteroatom substitution upon the stabilities of the axial and equatorial conformers of cyclohexane.
Horowitz, Gail. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1006.
Molecular Modeling |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Computational Chemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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Using Hydrocarbon Acidities To Demonstrate Principles of Organic Structure and Bonding Andrew P. Dicks
This article demonstrates the utility of hydrocarbon acidity as a teaching tool within the undergraduate classroom. Acidities of compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon vary by at least 50 orders of magnitude. Differences in acidities are rationalized by invoking principles of hybridization, resonance, induction, and aromaticity.
Dicks, Andrew P. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1322.
Acids / Bases |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
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Organic Functional Group Playing Card Deck Michael J. Welsh
Organic functional group playing card deck used for review of the name and structure of organic functional groups that can be used to play any game that a normal deck of cards is used for.
Welsh, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 426.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Nonmajor Courses |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Alcohols |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Amides |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters |
Ethers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Synthesis
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C–H and C–D Bonds: An Experimental Approach to the Identity of C–H Bonds by Their Conversion to C–D Bonds Alex T. Rowland
Three experiments that allow students to determine the relative reactivity of C-H bonds that are aliphatic, alpha, benzylic, or aromatic by the ease of substitution of deuterium for oxygen.
Rowland, Alex T. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 311.
Acids / Bases |
IR Spectroscopy |
Isotopes |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Undergraduate Research |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Carboxylic Acids
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Small Scale Reactor for Ultraviolet Photochemistry James E. Gano, Andrew J. Gano, Patricia Garry, and Padmanabhan Sekher
Apparatus for performing photochemical reactions at a variety of wavelengths.
Gano, James E.; Gano, Andrew J.; Garry, Patricia; Sekher, Padmanabhan. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1361.
Free Radicals |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Synthesis |
Photochemistry |
Undergraduate Research |
Laboratory Management
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Fractional Distillation and GC Analysis of Hydrocarbon Mixtures Craig J. Donahue
Separating and identifying the components of a three-hydrocarbon mixture through fractional distillation and gas chromatography.
Donahue, Craig J. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 721.
Chromatography |
Gas Chromatography |
Separation Science |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
IR Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Qualitative Analysis
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Radioactivity, Radiation, and the Chemistry of Nuclear Waste Nick Zevos
A course that emphasizes an understanding of the nuclear waste generated from the production of plutonium at sites such as Hanford, WA, and Savannah River, GA.
Zevos, Nick. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 692.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Nonmajor Courses
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Further Information on the Hazards of n-Hexane (re J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 587) Jay A. Young
Consideration of a flammable liquid above its flash point.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1593.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Management
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Further Information on the Hazards of n-Hexane (re J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 587) J. C. Jones
Consideration of a flammable liquid above its flash point.
Jones, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1593.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Management
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Further Information on the Hazards of n-Hexane (re J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 587) J. C. Jones
Consideration of a flammable liquid above its flash point.
Jones, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1593.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Management
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Correction to Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: n-Hexane (J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 587) Jay A. Young
Corrected formula for n-hexane.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1021.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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A Method for Drawing the Cyclohexane Ring and Its Substituents Veljko Dragojlovic
A simple method for drawing cyclohexanes.
Dragojlovic, Veljko. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 923.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
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Solar Photocatalytic Destruction of p-Nitrophenol: A Pedagogical Use of Lab Wastes J. A. Herrera-Melián, J. M. Doña-Rodríguez, E. Tello Rendón, A. Soler Vila, M. Brunet Quetglas, A. Alvera Azcárate, and L. Pascual Pariente
Using lab wastes to develop new chemistry experiments.
Herrera-Melián, J. A.; Doña-Rodríguez, J. M.; Rendón, E. Tello; Soler Vila, A.; Brunet Quetglas, M.; Azcárate, A. Alvera; Pascual Pariente, L. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 775.
Catalysis |
Free Radicals |
Photochemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry
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Chemical Laboratory Information Profile: n-Hexane Jay A. Young
Properties, hazards, and storage requirements for n-hexane.
Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 587.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Laboratory Management |
Physical Properties
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Application of Hammond's Postulate. An Activity for Guided Discovery Learning in Organic Chemistry J. E. Meany, Vicky Minderhout, and Y. Pocker
In this activity, students are given product distributions and other relevant experimental data concerning the free radical chlorination and bromination of propane. Students are guided in the use of Hammond's postulate to predict transition-state structures and to provide a rationale for the relationship between selectivity and reactivity in these and other reactions.
Meany, J. E.; Minderhout, Vicky; Pocker, Y. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 204.
Free Radicals |
Kinetics |
Reactions
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Bromination, Elimination, and Polymerization: A 3-Step Sequence for the Preparation of Polystyrene from Ethylbenzene Elizabeth M. Sanford and Heather L. Hermann
An organic chemistry lab that introduces students to polymer chemistry is presented. Students complete a radical bromination of ethylbenzene, which is followed by elimination to give styrene. A radical polymerization is then completed to produce polystyrene.
Sanford, Elizabeth M.; Hermann, Heather L. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1343.
Free Radicals |
Synthesis |
Polymerization
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Correction
Word error in original article.
J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 830.
Nutrition |
Free Radicals |
Learning Theories
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The Preparation of a UV-Light-Absorbing Polymer: A Project-Oriented Laboratory Experiment for the Introductory Organic Chemistry Curriculum Thomas Poon, Jean P. McIntyre, Andrea Dorigo, Drew J. Davis, Matthew A. Davis, Crystal F. Eller, Leah R. Eller, Heather K. Izumi, Kenya M. Jones, Kurt H. Kelley, William Massello, Megan L. Melamed, Cynthia M. Norris, Jeffrey A. Oelrich, Thomas A. Pluim, Sarah E. Poplawski, Jason M. St. Clair, Matthew P. Stokes, Wells C. Wheeler, and Erin E. Wilkes
A laboratory experiment is described that combines organic synthesis, spectroscopy, and polymer chemistry and is suitable for the sophomore organic chemistry curriculum. In this three-week sequence, students synthesize and characterize the UV-absorber 2-(2',4'-dimethylbenzoyl)benzoic acid and incorporate it into films of polymethylmethacrylate.
Poon, Thomas; McIntyre, Jean P.; Dorigo, Andrea; Davis, Drew J.; Davis, Matthew A.; Eller, Crystal F.; Eller, Leah R.; Izumi, Heather K.; Jones, Kenya M.; Kelley, Kurt H.; Massello, William; Melamed, Megan L.; Norris, Cynthia M.; Oelrich, Jeffrey A.; Pluim, Thomas A.; Poplawski, Sarah E.; St. Clair, Jason M.; Stokes, Matthew P.; Wheeler, Wells C.; Wilkes, Erin E. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1523.
Synthesis |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
NMR Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Free Radicals
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Motivating Students in Sophomore Organic Chemistry by Examining Nature's Way- Why Are Vitamins E and C Such Good Antioxidants? Bruce D. Beaver
Motivating students in sophomore organic chemistry by integrating material from an area of contemporary research activity into the course. This article contains an overview of the antioxidant function of vitamins E and C.
Beaver, Bruce D. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1108.
Nutrition |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Free Radicals |
Learning Theories |
Applications of Chemistry
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Homogeneous Immunoassays: Historical Perspective and Future Promise Edwin F. Ullman
The founding and growth of Syva Company is examined in the context of its leadership role in the development of homogeneous immunoassays. The simple mix and read protocols of these methods offer advantages in routine analytical and clinical applications.
Ullman, Edwin F. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 781.
Biotechnology |
Enzymes |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Free Radicals |
Photochemistry |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Proteins / Peptides
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A Safe Simple Halogenation Experiment Hilton M. Weiss and Lara Ganz
This experiment is designed to be a safe and experimentally simple procedure appropriate to the early weeks of a course when halogenation is the only reaction which has been discussed in the lecture. It can also provide some early experience with simple interpretation of NMR spectra.
Weiss, Hilton M.; Ganz, Lara. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 534.
Synthesis |
Free Radicals |
Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy
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A Strategy for Incorporating 13C NMR into the Organic Chemistry Lecture and Laboratory Courses Perry C. Reeves and Chris P. Chaney
The use of spectroscopy in establishing the structures of molecules is an important component of the first course in Organic Chemistry. However, the point in the course at which these techniques are best introduced remains uncertain. We suggest that carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy should be introduced at an early stage of the lecture course, specifically while studying the alkanes, and used extensively for structure determination throughout the course.
Reeves, Perry C.; Chaney, Chris P. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1006.
Instrumental Methods |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
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S. M. Tanatar and His Contribution to the Field of Thermal Rearrangements Ludmila Birladeanu
Thermal rearrangements constitute an important chapter in organic chemistry. Surprisingly, the name of its discoverer remains unknown. The present article is meant to remedy this situation by describing some of the work of the 19th century Russian chemist S. M. Tanatar (1849 - 1917) who, based on the thermochemical data provided by Berthelot, envisaged the possibility of transforming cyclopropane into propene under the influence of heat alone.
Birladeanu, Ludmila. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 603.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Synthesis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes
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On the Disproportionations of Cyclohexene and Related Compounds Alex Bunjes, Ingo Eilks, Manfred Pahlke, and Bernd Ralle*
The catalytic hydrogenation of liquid hydrocarbons is easy to realize in a simple laboratory experiment using a palladium catalyst. In the case of hydrogenation cyclohexen or cyclohexadiene in addition to the expected finding of cyclohexane among the hydrogenation products, the formation of benzene can be observed. In absence of hydrogen, the disproportionation of both starting materials to cyclohexane and benzene takes place.
Bunjes, Alex; Eilks, Ingo; Pahlke, Manfred; Ralle, Bernd. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1323.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Synthesis
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Alkanes in Motion (Program for Mac OS-Compatible Computers: J. Chem. Educ. Software Vol. 9C, No. 1) Jae Hyun Kim
To improve students' understanding of molecular motion, Alkanes in Motion, a collection of clip animations generated from molecular dynamics calculations, was produced. It depicts the molecular motion of hydrocarbons in the gas phase.
Kim, Jae Hyun. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1015.
Molecular Modeling |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
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Free Radical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: Examples from Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater from the Chemistry in Airborne Water Droplets N. Colin Baird
A common free radical reaction in aqueous solution is electron transfer, especially to the hydroxyl radical and to ozone. Hydrogen peroxide and free radicals related to it act as weak acids, so both their neutral and deprotonated forms must be considered in reactions. Free radical reactions also play an important role in the chemistry of water droplets suspended in air in clouds and fogs.
Baird, N. Colin. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 817.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Reactive Intermediates |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Four Programs for Windows: Abstract of Volume 4D, Number 2: Alkanes in Motion Jae Hyun Kim
Alkanes in Motion depicts the molecular motion of hydrocarbons in the gas phase. Four animations from the collection are presented here. These four animations consist of two animations each of hexane and octadecane, one animation calculated to show translational motion and one to show vibrational motion.
Kim, Jae Hyun. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1079.
Molecular Modeling |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Gases
|
The Curiously Intertwined Histories of Benzene and Cyclohexane E. W. Warnhoff
The first reduction of benzene, which was done by means of hydrogen iodide in the middle of the 19th century, led to a saturated hydrocarbon initially thought to be hexane and later to be hexahydrobenzene (cyclohexane).
Warnhoff, E. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 494.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds
|
A Rapid Way of Computing the Number of Rings Present in a Polycyclic Organic Compound A. Srikrishna
This article discusses how by counting the number of quaternary and tertiary atoms present, the number of rings in a polycyclic organic compound can be deduced.
Srikrishna, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 428.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
A Ternary Phase Diagram for a Less Hazardous System Barbara A. Udale and John D. Wells
Using a n-propanol-n-heptane-water system to generate data for construction of a ternary phase diagram.
Udale, Barbara A.; Wells, John D. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1106.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Environmental Laboratory Exercise: Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Fluorescence Spectroscopy Judith Weinstein--Lloyd and Jai H. Lee
Procedure in which students analyze precipitation samples for trace concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (a deleterious air pollutant) using fluorescence spectroscopy.
Weinstein-Lloyd, Judith; Lee, Jai H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1053.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Free Radicals |
Photochemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Atmospheric Chemistry
|
The Conformational Behavior of n-Pentane: A Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics Experiment Mencarelli, Paolo
174. Use of HyperChem to investigate the conformational behavior of n-pentane.
Mencarelli, Paolo J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 511.
MO Theory |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Conformational Analysis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Mechanics / Dynamics |
Molecular Modeling
|
Introducing Atmospheric Reactions: A Systematic Approach for Students Baird, N. Colin
Outline of the dominant reactions that occur in air, particularly with regard to atmospheric pollutants.
Baird, N. Colin J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 153.
Photochemistry |
Free Radicals |
Atmospheric Chemistry
|
The Distribution of Cyclohexanone between Cyclohexane and Water Worley, John D.
A microscale experiment that may be used to demonstrate extraction, spectrophotometric analysis, and the determination of a distribution constant.
Worley, John D. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A145.
Microscale Lab |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Separation Science |
Spectroscopy
|
Hydrochlorination of (R)-Carvone Miles, William H.; Nutaitis, Charles F.; Berreth, Christina L.
This paper describes the hydrochlorination of (R)-carvone that illustrates the concepts of regioselectivity and chemoselectivity.
Miles, William H.; Nutaitis, Charles F.; Berreth, Christina L. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1097.
Laboratory Management |
Alkenes |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
A Simple and Safe Catalytic Hydrogenation of 4-Vinylbenzoic Acid De, Shantanu; Gambhir, Geetu; Krishnamurty, H. G.
An alternative procedure to catalytic hydrogenation is catalytic transfer hydrogenation. In this technique, the reduction of an organic compound is achieved with the aid of a donor substance in the presence of a catalyst.
De, Shantanu; Gambhir, Geetu; Krishnamurty, H. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 992.
Catalysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes
|
GC/MS experiments for the organic chemistry laboratory: I. E2 elimination of 2-bromo-2-methyloctane Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie; Martin, Kristy A.; Green, John; Lytle, Scott
Two capillary GC/MS experiments that were designed for and tested in a sophomore organic laboratory course.
Novak, Michael; Heinrich, Julie; Martin, Kristy A.; Green, John; Lytle, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A103.
Gas Chromatography |
Alkenes |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols |
Elimination Reactions |
Synthesis
|
Cyclooctane conformational analysis via mechanical and computational models Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P.
Description of an exercise in which students use both mechanical and computational models to identify and quantify various types of strains in different conformations of a molecule.
Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 988.
Molecular Modeling |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Diastereomers
|
The enumeration of isomers-With special reference to the stereoisomers of decane Whyte, J. R. C.; Clugston, M. J.
Structural isomers predicted through algorithms.
Whyte, J. R. C.; Clugston, M. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 874.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers
|
A simple and colorful demonstration of light-catalyzed bromination of an alkane Stevens, Malcolm P.
Light-catalyzed bromination of an alkane.
Stevens, Malcolm P. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 1028.
Catalysis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Photochemistry |
Reactions
|
An easily constructed model: The boat form of a six-membered ring composed of six distorted tetrahedral penetrating each other Yamana, Shukichi
Instructions for constructing a model of the boat form of a six-membered ring using six empty envelopes.
Yamana, Shukichi J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 964.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Stereochemistry
|
Free-radical polymerization of acrylamide Silversmith, Ernest F.
A rapid and foolproof thermal polymerization.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 763.
Free Radicals |
Polymerization |
Reactions
|
Replacing carbon tet: Other alternatives. Ackermann, Martin N.
Using a mixture of hexanes in the traditional experiment to determine the equilibrium constant for the formation of I3-.
Ackermann, Martin N. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 602.
Equilibrium |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Toxicology
|
A source of isomer-drawing assignments Kjonaas, Richard A.
A comprehensive source from which instructors can choose a wide variety of good isomer drawing examples to use as homework assignments and exam questions.
Kjonaas, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 452.
Stereochemistry |
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Ethers |
Esters |
Alkynes
|
An expanded Fieser model suitable for a large classroom Levinson, Alfred S.; Zupan, Rudolph
In organic chemistry, one area in which models are indispensable is in introducing the conformational analysis of cyclopentane and cyclohexane rings.
Levinson, Alfred S.; Zupan, Rudolph J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 369.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Understanding the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the subsurface environment Chen, Chien T.
This article reviews our current understanding and then specifies the requirements for research that will improve our ability to detect hydrocarbons and predict their fate in the subsurface environment.
Chen, Chien T. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 357.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Addition of IBr to fatty acids on the overhead projector Solomon, Sally; Fulep-Poszmik, Annamaria; Kulp, Gary; Yu, Heung
The interhalogen compound IBr dissolved in CCl4 is added to petroleum ether solutions of fatty acids to test for unsaturation.
Solomon, Sally; Fulep-Poszmik, Annamaria; Kulp, Gary; Yu, Heung J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 66.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes
|
Free radical halogenation of hydrocarbons: Experiments for organic chemistry using the small-scale approach Gilow, Helmuth M.
Better understanding of free radical halogenation can be gained by doing a laboratory experiment. The challenge, however, is that these experiments pose safety threats.
Gilow, Helmuth M. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A122.
Free Radicals |
Microscale Lab
|
A visual presentation of the relationships between the enthalpies of a reaction and the nature of the transition states Nyquist, H. LeRoy
An apparatus that illustrates the potential energy diagram for the chlorination of alkanes and another for the bromination of alkanes.
Nyquist, H. LeRoy J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 731.
Thermodynamics |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
A projection for bond location in chair cyclohexane and related structures Woolf, A. A.
Benefits and drawbacks of 2D representations for chair cyclohexane and related structures.
Woolf, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 646.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Constitutional Isomers
|
An internal comparison of the intermolecular forces of common organic functional groups: A thin-layer chromatography experiment Beauvais, Robert; Holman, R. W.
Due to the latest trends in organic chemistry textbook content sequences, it has become desirable to develop an experiment that is rapid, simple, and general, that would compare and contrast the various functional group classes of organic molecules in terms of their relative polarities, dipole moments, and intermolecular forces of attraction.
Beauvais, Robert; Holman, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 428.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alcohols |
Carboxylic Acids |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Esters |
Qualitative Analysis |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Synthesis of a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene Diels-Alder adduct: An organic chemistry experiment utilizing NMR spectroscopy to assign endo stereochemistry Harrison, Ernest A., Jr.
An organic chemistry experiment utilizing NMR spectroscopy to assign endo stereochemistry via synthesis of a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene Diels-Alder adduct.
Harrison, Ernest A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 426.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Synthesis |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
Polarity and selectivity of ionic stationary phases used in gas chromatography: Evaluation of commercial detergents containing anionic surfactants as column packings Furton, Kenneth G.; Mantilla, Adriana
Evaluation of commercial detergents containing anionic surfactants as column packings.
Furton, Kenneth G.; Mantilla, Adriana J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 74.
Consumer Chemistry |
Gas Chromatography |
Physical Properties |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Quantitative Analysis |
Covalent Bonding |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Organic Nomenclature (Lampman, Gary) Damey, Richard F.
An interactive tutorial / drill for naming organic compounds.
Damey, Richard F. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, A220.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Ethers |
Alcohols |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Phenols
|
Reaction of bromine with hydrocarbons on the overhead, real or simulated Solomon, Sally; Gregory, Michael; Padmanabhan, Sandeep; Smith, Kurt
A simulation that looks like the addition of bromine to hydrocarbons but is not (the bromine is simulated using a mixture of food colorings).
Solomon, Sally; Gregory, Michael; Padmanabhan, Sandeep; Smith, Kurt J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 961.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Addition Reactions
|
Isomerization of dimethyl maleate to dimethyl fumarate: An undergraduate experiment utilizing high performance liquid chromatography Ledlie, David B.; Wenzel, Thomas J.; Hendrickson, Susan M.
Introduces students to liquid chromatography, the stereoisomerization of alkenes, certain aspects of free radical chemistry, and thermodynamics.
Ledlie, David B.; Wenzel, Thomas J.; Hendrickson, Susan M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 781.
HPLC |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Esters |
Stereochemistry |
Free Radicals |
Alkenes |
Thermodynamics
|
Drawing different views of the chair form of substituted cyclohexanes Richardson, W. S.
A set of rules to instruct students in a method for drawing chair structures of cyclohexane after rotation about the central axis.
Richardson, W. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 478.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
|
A classroom demonstration of aliphatic substitution Perina, Ivo; Mihanovic, Branka
Substitution of an alkane by a halogen can be demonstrated effectively on the stage of an overhead projector using a compartmentalized Petri dish or a transparent Conway dish covered by a glass plate
Perina, Ivo; Mihanovic, Branka J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 257.
Reactions |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Bromination of a hydrocarbon Deck, Eva; Deck, Charles
The authors have developed a simple one-hour student experiment that demonstrates photochemical halogen substitution in a quantitative way using heptane, bromine, and water.
Deck, Eva; Deck, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 75.
Reactions |
Photochemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Stereochemistry of cyclic hydrocarbons Perkins, Robert R.
The topic of stereochemistry always poses great difficulties for many students in introductory organic chemistry. The following problems can be used as a tutorial question after having introduced the various terms associated with stereochemistry. The question requires skills at the applications level in the Bloom taxonomy.
Perkins, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 860.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Constitutional Isomers
|
The preparation of 4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one and its base catalyzed conversion into 2,3,4,5-tetraphenycyclopentadienone: An organic laboratory experiment Harrison, Ernest A., Jr.
An organic laboratory experiment that permits direct observation of a pedagogically interesting transformation.
Harrison, Ernest A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 828.
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Phenols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
IR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
|
Chemical applications of graph theory. Part II. Isomer enumeration Hansen, Peter J.; Jurs, Peter C.
An in-depth look at the study of isomer enumeration.
Hansen, Peter J.; Jurs, Peter C. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 661.
Chemometrics |
Constitutional Isomers |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Undergraduate experiments with a long-lived radical (Fremy's salt): Synthesis of 1,4-benzoquinones by degradative oxidation of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols Morey, J.
The long-lived, stable radical described in this article can be prepared and stored for several months and therefore is an excellent basis for a series of experiments that the author designed for his class.
Morey, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 627.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Free Radicals |
Alcohols |
Aromatic Compounds
|
The number of alkanes having n carbons and a longest chain of length d: An application of a theorem of Polya Balaban, Alexandru T.; Kennedy, John W.; Quintas, Louis
This paper tackles the problem of determining the number of structural isomers of an alkane. The primitive algorithm that is usually taught to students is confusing and generates redundancies.
Balaban, Alexandru T.; Kennedy, John W.; Quintas, Louis J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 304.
Constitutional Isomers |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Chemometrics
|
Consumer chemistry in an organic course Miller, John A.
This paper looks at the main functional groups in organic chemistry and points out their appearance in consumer chemistry. These suggestions are especially useful for courses geared toward health science majors.
Miller, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 210.
Aromatic Compounds |
Free Radicals |
Hormones |
Medicinal Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
On the boiling points of the alkyl halides Correla, John
Most textbooks spend some time discussing the relationship between boiling point and molecular structure, however, their reasons behind this relationship differ. This variation among textbooks warrants further investigation and discussion in order to uncover which of the factors are the major contributors to the variation of boiling point.
Correla, John J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 62.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Physical Properties |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A very brief, rapid, simple, and unified method for estimating carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts: The BS method Shoulders, Hen; Welch, Steven C.
The "BS" method is so brief and simple that students can memorize and use it to interpret 13C NMR spectra with ease.
Shoulders, Hen; Welch, Steven C. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 915.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Instrumental Methods
|
From shadows to three dimensions: Stereographic images using Dreiding models and the Macintosh Strauss, Michael J.; Gribble, Gordon
Printing stereographic images using ChemDraw.
Strauss, Michael J.; Gribble, Gordon J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 850.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Stereochemistry |
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Counting halomethanes Namhi, Parthasarathy
Asking the question "How many halomethanes are there?" illustrates the range of molecular species that can be derived by substituting the hydrogens of an alkane by halogens.
Namhi, Parthasarathy J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 678.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Molecular structure: Property relationships Seybold, Paul G.; May, Michael; Bagal, Ujjvala A.
How molecular structure can be represented mathematically and how this can lead to a better understanding of the connection between molecular structures and properties.
Seybold, Paul G.; May, Michael; Bagal, Ujjvala A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 575.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols
|
Use of polar maps in conformational analysis Ounsworth, James P.; Weller, Larry
A relatively simple procedure to identify different or similar conformations of large ring structures (generating polar maps of torsional angles).
Ounsworth, James P.; Weller, Larry J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 568.
Conformational Analysis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
A spectacular demonstration: 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O Skinner, James F.
Detonating hydrogen in a copper combustion chamber.
Skinner, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 545.
Reactions |
Free Radicals
|
Stereoisomerism as a result of free radical chlorination of a nonstereoisomeric substance Fulkroad, John E.
Examples of questions and solutions regarding stereoisomerism as a result of free radical chlorination of a nonstereoisomeric substance.
Fulkroad, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 533.
Stereochemistry |
Free Radicals
|
The reactivity selectivity principle: Should it ever be used? Buncel, Erwin; Wilson, Harold
Applications and failures of the reactivity selectivity principle; quantitative aspects of the reactivity selectivity principle; and rationalization of reactivity selectivity principle failures.
Buncel, Erwin; Wilson, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 475.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Free Radicals |
Carbocations |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
A simple formula for the number of rings in a cyclic molecule Reddy, P. Anantha
A simple formula that determines the number of rings from the number of ring atoms and bonds present in a cyclic system.
Reddy, P. Anantha J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 400.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Thioxanthone sulfone radical anion: A relatively stable ketyl Castrillon, Jose
Thioxanthone sulfone is induced to produce a deep blue color upon standing that disappears on shaking.
Castrillon, Jose J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 352.
Free Radicals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Comparison of chemical oxidation of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols on the overhead projector Kolb, Kenneth E.
This overhead projector demonstration utilizes two classical oxidants, permanganates and dichromate, to distinguish between alkanes, alkenes, and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Kolb, Kenneth E. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 977.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Reduction of cyclohexanone with sodium borohydride in aqueous alkaline solution: a beginning organic chemistry experiment Hudak, Norman J.; Sholes, Anne H.
A beginning organic chemistry experiment that involves the reduction of cyclohexanone with sodium borohydride in aqueous alkaline solution.
Hudak, Norman J.; Sholes, Anne H. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 161.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Alcohols
|
Identification of the stable conformer of cyclohexane by vibrational spectroscopy Garcia, M. V.; Redondo, M. I.
A laboratory experiment that uses group theory to help interpret infrared and Raman spectra of cyclohexane.
Garcia, M. V.; Redondo, M. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 887.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Raman Spectroscopy |
Conformational Analysis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Group Theory / Symmetry
|
Chemical properties of commonly available hydrocarbons Perina, Ivo
Studying the properties of saturated hydrocarbons using natural gas.
Perina, Ivo J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 864.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
The NBS reaction: A simple explanation for the predominance of allylic substitution over olefin addition by bromine at low concentrations Wamser, Carl C.; Scott, Lawrence T.
What factors govern the reaction of Br2 with an alkene to give either allylic substitution or double bond addition?
Wamser, Carl C.; Scott, Lawrence T. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 650.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Free Radicals |
Kinetics |
Alkenes
|
An introduction to conformational analysis of ethane and butane Flash, Patrick J.
60. Bits and pieces, 23. Introduces students to some conventions for drawing molecules and provides a brief tutorial and extensive drill work on the conformations of ethane and butane.
Flash, Patrick J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 412.
Conformational Analysis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
A short set of 13C-NMR correlation tables Brown, D. W.
The object of these tables is to enable a student to calculate rapidly approximate d values for 13C nuclei in as wide a variety of compounds as possible.
Brown, D. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 209.
NMR Spectroscopy |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Alkynes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Amides |
Carboxylic Acids |
Esters
|
A method for drawing cyclohexane chairs Cheer, Clair J.
A method for drawing cyclohexane chairs.
Cheer, Clair J. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 947.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Preparation of 2-bromopentane Howell, B. A.; Kohrman, R. E.
The conversion of 2-pentanol to 2-bromopentane offers a good illustration of the problems associated with substitution in secondary systems.
Howell, B. A.; Kohrman, R. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 932.
Synthesis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Catalysis of radical chain reactions Bardsley, W. D.; Failes, R. L.; Hunter, R.; Stimson, V. R.
Examples where "catalysts" enter into reaction in a consistent manner, to increase the rate in one case and decrease it in the other.
Bardsley, W. D.; Failes, R. L.; Hunter, R.; Stimson, V. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 657.
Catalysis |
Free Radicals |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Who is anti-Markovnikov? Tedder, J. M.
What are the factors that control the rate and orientation of free radical addition to alkenes?
Tedder, J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 237.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Addition Reactions |
Free Radicals |
Alkenes
|
The evaluation of strain and stabilization in molecules using isodesmic reactions Fuchs, Richard
The stabilities of cyclic hydrocarbons are analyzed using isodesmic and metathetical isodesmic reactions.
Fuchs, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 133.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alkenes |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Aromatic substitution reactions: when you've said ortho, meta, and para you haven't said it all Traynham, James G.
The author presents a range of examples for nucleophilic, electrophilic, and free-radical reactions where the ipso is an important, predominant, or even exclusive site of reaction.
Traynham, James G. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 937.
Nucleophilic Substitution |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Free Radicals |
Diastereomers |
Stereochemistry |
Reactions
|
Oil shale - Heir to the petroleum kingdom Schachter, Y.
A discussion of oil shale provides students with real-world problems that require chemical literacy.
Schachter, Y. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 750.
Applications of Chemistry |
Alkenes |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Green Chemistry
|
Molecular formulas of organic compounds: the nitrogen rule and degree of unsaturation Pellegrin, Valdo
This article wishes to demonstrate the nitrogen rule and the formula for calculating the number of rings plus double bonds of any common organic compound.
Pellegrin, Valdo J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 626.
Heterocycles |
Aromatic Compounds |
Free Radicals
|
Free radical chlorination of methane: A demonstration Conklin, Alfred R.; Kramme, Alan
Free radical reactions are very important and often discussed in chemistry. One of the first such reactions encountered by students of organic chemistry is the free radical chlorination of methane. This reaction serves to introduce the student to free radical reactions and chain reaction. In spite of its common occurrence, demonstrations of this reaction are uncommon.
Conklin, Alfred R.; Kramme, Alan J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 597.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Free Radicals
|
Lecture experiment in gas-liquid chromatography with a simple gas chromatograph at room temperature Wollrah, Adalbert
Apparatus and method for separating mixtures of pentane / hexane and methyl chloride / carbon tetrachloride.
Wollrah, Adalbert J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 1042.
Chromatography |
Separation Science |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
An easily conducted free radical substitution for organic chemistry courses Pavlis, Robert R.
The photobromination of 1,2-diphenylethane into its dibromo derivative, (2R) (3S) 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane.
Pavlis, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 658.
Free Radicals |
Reactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Photochemistry |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Introduction to infrared spectroscopy: A simple undergraduate experiment Reeder, Deborah M.; Sridharan, Srinivasa
The objective is to obtain two IR spectra, one on an aliphatic compound and the other on an aromatic compound in a first-semester organic laboratory.
Reeder, Deborah M.; Sridharan, Srinivasa J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 503.
Spectroscopy |
IR Spectroscopy |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Aromatic Compounds |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The separation and identification of straight chain hydrocarbons: An experiment using gas-liquid chromatography Benson, G. A.
Gas liquid chromatography used to separate and identify a mixture of C5 to C10 straight chain hydrocarbons.
Benson, G. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 344.
Separation Science |
Qualitative Analysis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Chromatography
|
An early laboratory introduction to IR spectroscopy: Gaseous deuteroalkanes Braun, Loren L.; Law, Raymond L.
The authors have found that the preparation of deuterated gaseous alkanes is a simple experiment that is a less hazardous experiment than the popular alternatives.
Braun, Loren L.; Law, Raymond L. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 79.
Isotopes |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Grignard Reagents |
Gases
|
A versatile chemical system for instruction in ESR spectroscopy Darcy, Raphael
A radical precursor is sued to generate a number of interconvertible, long-lived free radicals whose spectra are observed at room temperature and show variations in detail that illustrate spectroscopic principles.
Darcy, Raphael J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 907.
Spectroscopy |
EPR / ESR Spectroscopy |
Reactive Intermediates |
Magnetic Properties |
Free Radicals
|
The effect of free radical stability on the rate of bromination of hydrocarbons Doheny, Anthony J.; Loudon, G. Marc
The effect of alkyl free radical stability on the rate of free radical halogenation of hydrocarbons can be convincingly demonstrated by the comparative photobromination of the arenes toluene, ethylbenzene, and cumene.
Doheny, Anthony J.; Loudon, G. Marc J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 507.
Free Radicals |
Reactions |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Photochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A modification of the free radical bromination of p-toluic acid Olson, Edwin S.
The bromination of p-toluic acid proceeds well using less toxic chlorobenzene rather than carbon tetrachloride.
Olson, Edwin S. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 157.
Free Radicals
|
Optical illusions in drawings of cyclohexane derivatives Feldman, Martin R.
An optical illusion in the representation of chair cyclohexanes.
Feldman, Martin R. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 659.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
The perturbational MO method for saturated systems Herndon, William C.
Outlines a molecular orbital approach to the problem of predicting and correlating bond dissociation energies in saturated hydrocarbons.
Herndon, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 448.
MO Theory |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Free Radicals |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Conformations of substituted ethanes Kingsbury, Charles A.
Provides a state-of-the-art view of conformational analysis, with an emphasis on sp3 hybridized acyclic molecules.
Kingsbury, Charles A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 431.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Conformational Analysis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Diastereomers
|
Compact Compacts Huebner, Jay S.; Shiflett, R. B.; Blanck, Harvey F.
A collection of three suggestions regarding demonstrating the oxidation of hydrocarbons and the primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of proteins and the first law of thermodynamics as applied to air conditioning.
Huebner, Jay S.; Shiflett, R. B.; Blanck, Harvey F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 389.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Thermodynamics
|
Why did Adolf Baeyer propose a planar, strained cyclohexane ring? Ramsay, O. Bertrand
Considers the question "Why did Adolf Baeyer propose a planar, strained cyclohexane ring?"
Ramsay, O. Bertrand J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 563.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
A Dramatic and relevant demonstration of ring strain Kelly, T. Ross
Addition of the cyclobutane alpha-pinene to crystalline iodine results in an exceptionally exothermic reaction.
Kelly, T. Ross J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 228.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Reactions
|
Ethylene by naphtha cracking. Free radicals in action Wiseman, Peter
Ethylene manufacture, the mechanism of ethylene formation, maximizing ethylene yield, the effect of feedstock composition, and secondary reactions.
Wiseman, Peter J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 154.
Free Radicals |
Industrial Chemistry |
Alkenes |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Free-radical addition of tetrahalomethanes to [beta]-pinene. Experiments in organic chemistry Kaye, Irving Allan; Odum, Robert A.
This laboratory provides a much needed learning opportunity about free-radicals.
Kaye, Irving Allan; Odum, Robert A. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 60.
Free Radicals |
Addition Reactions
|
Hydrocarbons in ambient air: A laboratory experiment DiNardi, Salvatore R.; Briggs, Elaine S.
Students calibrate and the n use a gas chromatograph to analyze ambient air for hydrocarbons.
DiNardi, Salvatore R.; Briggs, Elaine S. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 811.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Quantitative Analysis |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gas Chromatography
|
Some reflections on the topological structure of covalent molecules Rouvray, D. H.
Presents a method that involves a description of the possible topological structures a chemical species may adopt, subject to the constraints imposed by the valence.
Rouvray, D. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 768.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Polymerization as a model chain reaction Morton, Maurice
The building of long chain macromolecules offers the best opportunity for the study of chain reactions and the free radical mechanism.
Morton, Maurice J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 740.
Conferences |
Professional Development |
Polymerization |
Reactions |
Free Radicals |
Kinetics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Demonstration of solubility of "immiscible" fluids Koob, R. D.; Tallman, D. E.
Demonstrating that hexane is miscible in water.
Koob, R. D.; Tallman, D. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 724.
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Computer program for identifying alkane structures Davidson, Scott
A Fortran IV computer program to identify and name alkane structure having C1-C16 main chains and C1-C4 side chains is available.
Davidson, Scott J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 707.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The boat form of cyclohexane as viewed by Midwestern sailors (the author replies) Hart, Harold
Possible confusion regarding the boat analogy in describing the positions of hydrogens in cyclohexane.
Hart, Harold J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 656.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
The boat form of cyclohexane as viewed by Midwestern sailors Lyle, Gloria; Lyle, Robert E.
Possible confusion regarding the boat analogy in describing the positions of hydrogens in cyclohexane.
Lyle, Gloria; Lyle, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 655.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The gas phase free radical halogenation of hydrocarbons. An undergraduate experiment Scala, Alfred A.
Investigates the photochemically initiated gas phase chlorination and bromination of lower hydrocarbons.
Scala, Alfred A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 573.
Free Radicals |
Alkylation |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry |
Photochemistry
|
Inductive effects in the chlorination of 1-chlorobutane. An organic laboratory experiment Reeves, Perry C.
The present paper describes the quantitative study of the directive effect of chlorine already present in the molecule on the orientation of incoming chlorine in the free radical halogenation of 1-chlorobutane.
Reeves, Perry C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 636.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Relative reactivates in free radical systems. An organic chemistry experiment Hutchinson, Mary Jane; Mosha, Melvyn W.
An organic chemistry experiment which demonstrates the importance of reaction rates.
Hutchinson, Mary Jane; Mosha, Melvyn W. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 629.
Free Radicals |
Reactions |
Rate Law
|
Conversions from cyclohexanol. An undergraduate laboratory project Hanna, Samir B.; Wrobleski, James T.; Bohanon, Joseph T.; Peace, Bab W.
A procedure for a laboratory in conversions from cyclohexanol.
Hanna, Samir B.; Wrobleski, James T.; Bohanon, Joseph T.; Peace, Bab W. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 556.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols
|
Free-radical bromination of p-toluic acid. An experiment in organic chemistry Tuleen, D. L.; Hess, B. A., Jr.
This paper describes the synthesis of a-bromo-p-toluic acid (II) and the subsequent displacement of bromide ion by three nucleophiles.
Tuleen, D. L.; Hess, B. A., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 476.
Free Radicals |
Nucleophilic Substitution
|
Free radical chlorination Adduci, Jerry M.; Dayton, Joseph H.; Eaton, David C.
The authors describe an experiment on free radical chlorination which is simple, nonhazardous, and well suited for a beginning student.
Adduci, Jerry M.; Dayton, Joseph H.; Eaton, David C. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 313.
Free Radicals
|
The stereospecific synthesis of trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexanes. An organic chemistry laboratory experiment Monson, Richard S.
The authors present a synthetic experiment suitable for the introductory organic chemistry laboratory which the introductory organic chemistry laboratory which allows for the unambiguous preparation of trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane derivatives from readily available starting materials.
Monson, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 197.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Stereochemistry |
Reactions
|
Organic ion radical chemistry Maler, Larry L.
This paper will briefly introduce ion radicals as a relatively new class of reactive intermediates.
Maler, Larry L. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 168.
Free Radicals |
Reactions
|
Organic nomenclature, I Liotta, Charles
It is the purpose of this article to call attention to errors and misconceptions in the application of IUPAC Rules of Organic Nomenclature.
Liotta, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 471.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Alcohols |
Heterocycles
|
Demonstration of photochemistry and the dimerization and trapping of free radicals Silversmith, Ernest F.
This demonstration uses simple equipment and involves a rapid, readily noticeable color change and also illustrates dimerization and the trapping of free radicals.
Silversmith, Ernest F. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 315.
Photochemistry |
Free Radicals |
Reactions
|
Chlorination of 2,3-dimethylbutane: A quantitative organic chemistry experiment Markgraf, J. Hodge
This paper describes the quantitative study of a free radical chlorination in which the student determines the relative reactivity of selected hydrogens.
Markgraf, J. Hodge J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 610.
Quantitative Analysis |
Alkylation |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Free Radicals
|
A modern look at Markovnikov's rule and the peroxide effect Isenberg, Norbert; Grdinic, Marcel
Presents a "carbonium ion" definition of Markovnikov's Rule and examines the peroxide effect.
Isenberg, Norbert; Grdinic, Marcel J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 601.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Free Radicals |
Alkenes |
Addition Reactions
|
The preparation of naphthalene-alpha-d: An experiment in organic chemistry Ziegler, Gene R.
This procedure involves the preparation of a hydrocarbon via the Grignard reagent from the corresponding bromide.
Ziegler, Gene R. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 609.
Synthesis |
Grignard Reagents |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
A unified theory of bonding for cyclopropanes Bernett, William A.
Examines various models for bonding in cyclopropanes.
Bernett, William A. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 17.
Covalent Bonding |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
MO Theory |
Molecular Modeling
|
The Hofmann Rule Freedman, Leon D.
The statement that the decomposition of tert-butyldimethyltethylammonium hydroxide yields predominantly ethylene is mistaken.
Freedman, Leon D. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 662.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Calculation of molecular geometry by vector analysis: Application to six-membered alicyclic rings Henshall, T.
Demonstrates the calculation of molecular geometry by vector analysis through an application to cyclohexane.
Henshall, T. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 600.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Bromination of alkanes: Experiment illustrating relative reactivities and synthetic utility Warkentin, J.
The radical halogenation of alkanes lend themselves well to the teaching of basic material such as bond dissociation energies, potential energy profiles, enthalpy of reaction, activation energy, and reaction rate.
Warkentin, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 331.
Electrochemistry |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Synthesis |
Alkenes |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Free Radicals
|
The bromination of anthracene Wright, Oscar L.; Mura, Lawrence E.
This reaction illustrates the property of anthracene of adding the halogen molecule and later losing the elements of HBr to form the monobrominated hydrocarbon.
Wright, Oscar L.; Mura, Lawrence E. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 150.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Extensions in the use of plastic tetrahedral models Fieser, Louis F.
Describes the modification of existing models to provide for the construction of specialized organic and inorganic structures and their use in teaching.
Fieser, Louis F. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 408.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Cyclobutane chemistry. 1. Structure and strain energy Wilson, Armin; Goldhamer, David
Examines the various conformations that have been proposed for particular four-membered rings.
Wilson, Armin; Goldhamer, David J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 504.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The decarboxylation of organic acid March, Jerry
Simple aliphatic acids (except for acetic) do not give good yields of the corresponding alkanes through decarboxylation, although many organic chemistry textbooks cite this as a general method for the preparation of alkanes.
March, Jerry J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 212.
Acids / Bases |
Reactions |
Synthesis |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Carboxylic Acids
|
Models illustrating rotational isomerism in aliphatic chains Hayman, H. J. G.
Describes a simple modification to Fisher-Hirschfelder-Taylor models which, without abolishing the possibility of rotation, gives additional stability to the staggered configurations of aliphatic chains.
Hayman, H. J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 208.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
A versatile molecular model of cyclobutane Wilson, Armin
Describes a versatile molecular model of cyclobutane constructed from brass tubing and used to illustrate ring strain.
Wilson, Armin J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 649.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Lecture demonstration models of cycloalkanes Schultz, Harry P.
Describes large, sturdy, lecture demonstration models of cycloalkanes.
Schultz, Harry P. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 648.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
The reactive intermediates of organic chemistry Stewart, Ross
The purpose of this paper is to outline a logical presentation of the more important reactive intermediates the student is likely to encounter in organic chemistry.
Stewart, Ross J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 308.
Reactive Intermediates |
Free Radicals |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
A convenient method for demonstration of stable carbanions Landsbury, Peter T.
Highly colored pyridine solutions of carbanions are used as a convenient demonstration illustrating reactive intermediates.
Landsbury, Peter T. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 307.
Reactive Intermediates |
Reactions |
Free Radicals
|
Hydrocarbons in petroleum Rossini, Frederick D.
Examines research and industrial processes involving the separation of petroleum into its constituent components.
Rossini, Frederick D. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 554.
Industrial Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Separation Science |
Natural Products
|
Conformational analysis in mobile systems Eliel, Ernest L.
A review of conformational analysis and its application to mobile systems.
Eliel, Ernest L. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 126.
Conformational Analysis |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
Balancing organic redox equations Burrell, Harold P. C.
This paper presents a method for balancing organic redox equations based on the study of structural formulas and an artificial device - the use of hypothetical free radicals.
Burrell, Harold P. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 77.
Stoichiometry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Free Radicals
|
Aromatic substitution by free radicals Nelson, Peter F.
This article summarizes recent investigations upon orientation and reaction rates with respect to homolytic substitution.
Nelson, Peter F. J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 606.
Free Radicals |
Aromatic Compounds |
Reactions |
Rate Law |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The organization of subject matter in elementary organic chemistry MacKenzie, Charles A.
Describes a curricular approach in which aliphatic and aromatic compounds are treated simultaneously rather than separately.
MacKenzie, Charles A. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 243.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
|
The mechanisms of the reactions of aliphatic hydrocarbons Schmerling, Louis
Examines the formation of carbonium ions and free radicals, the polymerization of olefins, hydrogen-halogen exchange, the condensation of haloalkanes with alkenes, the alkylation of paraffins, the condensation of paraffins with chloroolefins, the cracking of paraffins and olefins, and the isomerization of paraffins.
Schmerling, Louis J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 562.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Free Radicals |
Polymerization
|
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