TIGER

Journal Articles: 37 results
Study of Molecular-Shape Selectivity of Zeolites by Gas Chromatography  Pei-Yu Chao, Yao-Yuan Chuang, Grace Hsiuying Ho, Shiow-Huey Chuang, Tseng-Chang Tsai, Chi-Young Lee, Shang-Tien Tsai, and Jun-Fu Huang
This analytical or physical chemistry sorption experiment uses hexane isomers as probe molecules to demonstrate the "molecular-shape selectivity" behavior of zeolites. Students can also modify the sorption protocol to build their own experiments.
Chao, Pei-Yu; Chuang, Yao-Yuan; Ho, Grace Hsiuying; Chuang, Shiow-Huey; Tsai, Tseng-Chang; Lee, Chi-Young; Tsai, Shang-Tien; Huang, Jun-Fu. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1558.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Constitutional Isomers |
Gas Chromatography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Separation Science |
Solid State Chemistry |
Molecular Recognition
Percy Julian, Robert Robinson, and the Identity of Eserethole  Addison Ault
The Nova production Percy JulianForgotten Genius, which included the very public disagreement over the identity of "eserethole," the key intermediate for the synthesis of the alkaloid physostigmine, left three important chemical questions unanswered.
Ault, Addison. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1524.
Constitutional Isomers |
Enantiomers |
Natural Products |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis
A Green, Guided-Inquiry Based Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory  Eric Eby and S. Todd Deal
This alternative, electrophilic aromatic substitutionan iodination reaction of salicylamide, a popular analgesicuses environmentally friendly reagents and serves as a guided-inquiry experiment in which students are asked to predict the orientation of the substitution reaction and determine the product's structure using FT-IR spectroscopy.
Eby, Eric; Deal, S. Todd. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1426.
Aromatic Compounds |
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Green Chemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
The Iodochlorination of Styrene: An Experiment That Makes a Difference  R. Gary Amiet and Sylvia Urban
This purpose of this laboratory exercise is to determine the various substitution and elimination products generated in the iodochlorination of styrene and their relative proportions through the application of mechanistic principles and a basic knowledge of GCMS and NMR.
Amiet, R. Gary; Urban, Sylvia. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 962.
Alkenes |
Constitutional Isomers |
Gas Chromatography |
Instrumental Methods |
Mass Spectrometry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Student-Centered Learning
A Nitration Reaction Puzzle for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory  Milton J. Wieder and Russell Barrows
Treatment of phenylacetic acid with different concentrations of nitric acid yields two different products. Using 1H NMR and IR spectral data, students are asked to deduce the structures of the two products, thus illustrating fundamental concepts in electrophilic aromatic substitution while posing an interesting structure elucidation puzzle.
Wieder, Milton J.; Barrows, Russell. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 549.
Constitutional Isomers |
Mass Spectrometry |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
Regioselectivity in Organic Synthesis: Preparation of the Bromohydrin of α-Methylstyrene  Brad Andersh, Kathryn N. Kilby, Meghan E. Turnis, and Drew L. Murphy
In the described experiment, the regiochemical outcome of the addition of "HOBr" to a-methylstyrene is investigated. Although both "classic" qualitative analysis and instrumental techniques are described, the emphasis of this experiment is on the utilization 13C and DEPT-135 NMR spectroscopy to determine the regiochemical outcome of the addition.
Andersh, Brad; Kilby, Kathryn N.; Turnis, Meghan E.; Murphy, Drew L. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 102.
Addition Reactions |
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Constitutional Isomers |
IR Spectroscopy |
Microscale Lab |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
Zeroing In on Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution  David C. Forbes, Mohini Agarwal, Jordan L. Ciza, and Heather A. Landry
Presents a unique and novel illustration of reactivity trends in the formation of trisubstituted benzene derivatives from disubstituted systems using electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
Forbes, David C.; Agarwal, Mohini; Ciza, Jordan L.; Landry, Heather A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1878.
Aromatic Compounds |
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Reactions
Discovering Electronic Effects of Substituents in Nitrations of Benzene Derivatives Using GC–MS Analysis  Malgorzata M. Clennan and Edward L. Clennan
Describes an organic lab in which students pool mass spectral data to identify the distribution of isomer products generated by the nitration of six benzene derivatives whose substituents differ in their electronic effects. Students also determine which substituents direct nitration predominantly to the ortho- or para- and to the meta positions.
Clennan, Malgorzata M.; Clennan, Edward L. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1679.
Aromatic Compounds |
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Gas Chromatography |
Mass Spectrometry
Competitive Nitration of Benzene–Fluorobenzene and Benzene–Toluene Mixtures: Orientation and Reactivity Studies Using HPLC  Ronald L. Blankespoor, Stephanie Hogendoorn, and Andrea Pearson
In this experiment for the first-year organic laboratory, mixtures of benzenetoluene and benzenefluorobenzene are competitively nitrated to determine the reactivity and orientation effects of CH3 and F. HPLC is used to analyze the reaction mixtures.
Blankespoor, Ronald L.; Hogendoorn, Stephanie; Pearson, Andrea. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 697.
Aromatic Compounds |
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrophilic Substitution |
HPLC
A Sequence of Linked Experiments, Suitable for Practical Courses of Inorganic, Organic, Computational Chemistry, and NMR Spectroscopy  Grigoriy A. Sereda
A sequence of investigations associated with the iodochlorination of styrene and 1-hexene is described. The sequence is flexible enough to be used in inorganic, organic, computational, and instrumental courses.
Sereda, Grigoriy A. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 931.
Alkenes |
Computational Chemistry |
Constitutional Isomers |
MO Theory |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Synthesis
Enhancements on the Photochromism of 2-(2,4-Dinitrobenzyl)pyridine: Molecular Modeling, NMR Spectrometry, Photo- and Solvent-Bleaching  Ernest C. McGoran, Kevin Hintz, Kristin Hoffman, and Ramon Iovin
Describes molecular-modeling studies on the photochromism of 2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine (a-DNBP) that focus on the hydrogen atom migratory distances and the energies for the two very different tautomers arising from the photo-induced proton transfers.
McGoran, Ernest C.; Hintz, Kevin; Hoffman, Kristin; Iovin, Ramon. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 923.
Constitutional Isomers |
Molecular Modeling |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Photochemistry
A Laboratory Assignment in 1H NMR Spectroscopy: A Comparative Analysis of Calculated and Experimental 1H NMR Chemical Shifts  Susan D. Van Arnum
A computer program is used to determine the proton NMR chemical shifts of endo- and exo-norbornenyl ketones and these values are compared to empirical results.
Van Arnum, Susan D. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 429.
Constitutional Isomers |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Photochemistry
Diastereoselectivity in the Reduction of α-Hydroxyketones. An Experiment for the Chemistry Major Organic Laboratory  David B. Ball
Describes a research type, inquiry-based project where students synthesize racemic ahydroxyketones using umpolung, a polarity-reversal approach; investigate chelating versus non-chelating reducing agents; and determine the diastereoselectivity of these reducing processes by NMR spectroscopy.
Ball, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 101.
Addition Reactions |
Aldehydes / Ketones |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Chromatography |
Conferences |
Constitutional Isomers |
Enantiomers |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Stereochemistry |
Synthesis |
Conformational Analysis
Conversion of an Aziridine to an Oxazolidinone Using a Salt and Carbon Dioxide in Water  Justin R. Wallace, Deborah L. Lieberman, Matthew T. Hancock, and Allan R. Pinhas
An undergraduate laboratory experiment that allows for optimization of experimental reaction conditions for the conversion of a readily-available aziridine to the corresponding oxazolidinone using only carbon dioxide and a salt in water is discussed. A variety of salts were used to determine their effect on the reaction. In all cases, either no reaction occurred or a high yield of product was obtained. Ring opening of the less substituted carbonnitrogen bond predominates. This experiment allows students to optimize reaction conditions to obtain predominantly one of two regioisomers.
Wallace, Justin R.; Lieberman, Deborah L.; Hancock, Matthew T.; Pinhas, Allan R. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1229.
Heterocycles |
Synthesis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Constitutional Isomers |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Quantitative Analysis
Testing for Genetically Modified Foods Using PCR  Ann Taylor and Samin Sajan
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful technique used to detect and amplify a specific DNA sequence. In this experiment, DNA is isolated from commercially available corn meal and corn-muffin mixes, then a sequence unique to transgenic plants is amplified by PCR. The amplified sequence is identified by its size (192 base pairs) by agarose gel electrophoresis. This experiment could be used in either a biochemistry course or in an analytical chemistry course in a curriculum that integrates biochemistry throughout the course work.
Taylor, Ann; Sajan, Samin. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 597.
Agricultural Chemistry |
Constitutional Isomers |
Biotechnology |
Plant Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Nucleic Acids / DNA / RNA
A Set of Hands-On Exercises on Conformational Analysis  Silvina C. Pellegrinet and Ernesto G. Mata
This article describes a set of comprehensive exercises on conformational analysis that employs a hands-on approach by the use of molecular modeling kits. In addition, the exercises provide illustrations of other topics such as nomenclature, functional groups, and isomerism, and introduce some notions of chirality.
Pellegrinet, Silvina C.; Mata, Ernesto G. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 73.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Conformational Analysis |
Constitutional Isomers |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Stereochemistry
Studying Current–Potential Curves Using Bipotentiometric Iodometric Back-Titration for the Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Fruits and Vegetables  Roxana A. Verdini and Claudia M. Lagier
A method for the determination of the ascorbic acid content in fruits and vegetables was used to introduce the principles of voltammetry. The procedure combines an iodometric back-titration with voltammetric (bipotentiometric) end point detection, which minimizes the risk of ascorbic acid oxidation, allowing for a rapid and efficient quantification of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables. A better understanding of the titration curve is achieved by analyzing the schematic currentpotential curves of the anodic and cathodic half-cell reactions during the titration.
Verdini, Roxana A.; Lagier, Claudia M. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1482.
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrochemistry |
Food Science |
Instrumental Methods |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Vitamins |
Consumer Chemistry
The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry. 3. Rearrangement of cis- and trans-Stilbene Oxides with Boron Trifluoride Etherate. An Exercise in 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Sophomore Organic Laboratories  Erik A. Sgariglia, Regina Schopp, Kostas Gavardinas, and Ram S. Mohan
A discovery-oriented laboratory experiment that involves the rearrangement of both cis- and trans-stilbene oxides with boron trifluoride etherate.
Sgariglia, Erik A.; Schopp, Regina; Gavardinas, Kostas; Mohan, Ram S. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 79.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Constitutional Isomers
A projection for bond location in chair cyclohexane and related structures  Woolf, A. A.
Benefits and drawbacks of 2D representations for chair cyclohexane and related structures.
Woolf, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 646.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Diastereomers |
Enantiomers |
Constitutional Isomers
The diverse nature of the C6H6 molecule  Potgeiter, J. H.
The purpose of this discussion is to show that C6H6 describes more than just one kind of benzene.
Potgeiter, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 280.
Aromatic Compounds |
Alkenes |
Reactions |
Constitutional Isomers
Representing isomeric structures  Thall, Edwin
"Representing isomeric structures" is the name of a technique this author has developed to help students learn to draw molecular structures of isomers in their first organic chemistry class.
Thall, Edwin J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 190.
Constitutional Isomers |
Diastereomers
Stereochemistry of cyclic hydrocarbons   Perkins, Robert R.
The topic of stereochemistry always poses great difficulties for many students in introductory organic chemistry. The following problems can be used as a tutorial question after having introduced the various terms associated with stereochemistry. The question requires skills at the applications level in the Bloom taxonomy.
Perkins, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 860.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Stereochemistry |
Diastereomers |
Constitutional Isomers
Chemical applications of graph theory. Part II. Isomer enumeration  Hansen, Peter J.; Jurs, Peter C.
An in-depth look at the study of isomer enumeration.
Hansen, Peter J.; Jurs, Peter C. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 661.
Chemometrics |
Constitutional Isomers |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes
The number of alkanes having n carbons and a longest chain of length d: An application of a theorem of Polya  Balaban, Alexandru T.; Kennedy, John W.; Quintas, Louis
This paper tackles the problem of determining the number of structural isomers of an alkane. The primitive algorithm that is usually taught to students is confusing and generates redundancies.
Balaban, Alexandru T.; Kennedy, John W.; Quintas, Louis J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 304.
Constitutional Isomers |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Chemometrics
Concerning dehydration of 2-methycyclohexanol  Feigenbaum, A.
One half of class dehydrates 2-methycyclohexanol, the other half dehydrates 1-methycyclohexanol; gas chromatography retention times are then compared for the two product mixtures.
Feigenbaum, A. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 273.
Alcohols |
Alkenes |
Stereochemistry |
Constitutional Isomers |
Gas Chromatography
The photochemical isomerization of maleic to fumaric acid: an undergraduate organic chemistry experiment  Castro, Albert J.; Ellenberger, Suzanne R.; Sluka, James P.
An undergraduate organic chemistry experiment in the photochemical isomerization of maleic to fumaric acid.
Castro, Albert J.; Ellenberger, Suzanne R.; Sluka, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 521.
Acids / Bases |
Photochemistry |
Constitutional Isomers
Degas' dancers: an illustration for rotational isomers  Hargittai, Istvan
Two drawings by Degas provide an opportunity to introduce the concepts of staggered and eclipsed conformations of A2B-BC2 molecules in a concrete, interesting, and aesthetic way.
Hargittai, Istvan J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 94.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Constitutional Isomers |
Diastereomers
Stereochemical nonequivalence of ligands and faces (heterotopicity)  Eliel, Ernest L.
Reviews the concepts associated with stereochemical non-equivalence (heterotopicity).
Eliel, Ernest L. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 52.
Stereochemistry |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers |
Constitutional Isomers |
Group Theory / Symmetry
Report of the symposium on high school instructional interface: Modernization, restructuring and improvement of chemistry teaching  Richardson, Shirley E.

Richardson, Shirley E. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 602.
Constitutional Isomers |
Professional Development
Stereospecific thermal cycloadditions and catalyzed isomerizations: An organic laboratory project  Pasto, D. J.; Duncan, J. A.; Silversmith, E. F.
The authors have prepared a sequence of experiments for their undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory concerned with the preparation of cis and trans 1,4-diphenyl-2-butene-1,4diones, their cycloadditions reactions with cyclopentandiene, and with related isomerization reactions of both the sequence, which has met with much success experimentally, clearly and collectively demonstrates certain aspects of the concepts of thermodynamics, kinetics, and stereochemistry and photochemistry.
Pasto, D. J.; Duncan, J. A.; Silversmith, E. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 277.
Photochemistry |
Constitutional Isomers |
Addition Reactions
A laboratory study of strike and inductive effects  Fulkrod, John E.
The authors describe a general reaction that can be successfully used to teach both strike and inductive effects in the laboratory by discovery.
Fulkrod, John E. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 115.
Constitutional Isomers |
Electrophilic Substitution |
Aromatic Compounds
Saving a life with alcohol  Scala, A. A.
Using alcohol as a treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning.
Scala, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 365.
Alcohols |
Toxicology |
Metabolism |
Constitutional Isomers
Separation of leucine and isoleucine by thin-layer chromatography  Gatto, Karen L.; Borders, C. L., Jr.
This experiment involves the separation of leucine and isoleucine through continuous ascending thin layer chromatography.
Gatto, Karen L.; Borders, C. L., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 840.
Separation Science |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Chromatography |
Amino Acids |
Constitutional Isomers
The isomerization of xylenes. An experiment for the organic or instrumental laboratory  Harbison, Kenneth G.
This experiment illustrates both qualitative and quantitative applications of infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of mixtures, as well as providing an interesting study of the mechanism of Friedel-Crafts reactions.
Harbison, Kenneth G. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 837.
Instrumental Methods |
Aromatic Compounds |
IR Spectroscopy |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Reactions |
Constitutional Isomers
Potentialities of protein isomerism  Asimov, Isaac
The permutations generated by structural isomerism in proteins could be demonstrated more convincingly and realistically if the amino acid compositions of actual proteins were taken into consideration.
Asimov, Isaac J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 125.
Proteins / Peptides |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Amino Acids |
Constitutional Isomers
Aspects of isomerism and mesomerism. III. Stereoisomerism  Bent, Richard L.
Examines the tetrahedral nature of carbon, multiple bonds, enantiomorphism, diastereoisomerism, and geometric isomerism.
Bent, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 328.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers |
Constitutional Isomers
Aspects of isomerism and mesomerism. II. Structural isomerism  Bent, Richard L.
Examines the relationship between structural, optical, and geometric isomerism.
Bent, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 284.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Constitutional Isomers |
Enantiomers |
Diastereomers