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Valence, Oxidation Number, and Formal Charge: Three Related but Fundamentally Different ConceptsGerard Parkin The purpose of this article is to clarify the terms valence, oxidation number, coordination number, formal charge, and number of bonds and illustrate how the valence of an atom in a molecule provides a much more meaningful criterion for establishing the chemical reasonableness of a molecule than does the oxidation number. Parkin, Gerard. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 791.
Coordination Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
Oxidation State |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
Valence, Covalence, Hypervalence, Oxidation State, and Coordination NumberDerek W. Smith It is argued that the terms valence, covalence, hypervalence, oxidation state, and coordination number are often confused and misused in the literature. It is recommended that use of the term valence, and its associated terminology, should be restricted to simple molecular main group substances and to some oxoacids and derivatives, but avoided in both main group and transition element coordination chemistry. Smith, Derek W. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1202.
Coordination Compounds |
Covalent Bonding |
Main-Group Elements |
Oxidation State
The Nernst Equation: Determination of Equilibrium Constants for Complex Ions of SilverMartin L. Thompson and Laura J. Kateley The experiment requires a voltmeter capable of recording millivolts (or a good pH meter) and inexpensive chemicals. It allows students to check the validity of the Nernst equation and compare their experimental Kform values to reported ones. Thompson, Martin L.; Kateley, Laura J. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 95.
