14.2 Why Do Chemical Reactions Happen? Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
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Entropy These processes are shown in reverse. The situations shown are so highly improbable that we would not expect to observe them in nature.
Thermodynamics
Endothermic Reaction Solid barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2*8H2O) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) are mixed in a beaker, which is then placed on a few drops of water on a small board. The reaction that occurs is highly endothermic.
Thermodynamics : CompareEntropyQual (16 Variations) Indicate which substance in each of the following pairs of substances you expect to have higher entropy. Assume that you have a mole of each substance and all substances are at the same temperature.
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics : ProbabilityEnergyDist (23 Variations)
Consider a system that has two indistinguishable molecules that can occupy three different energy levels (having energies of 1kJ, 2kJ and 3kJ, respectively). What is the probability that the molecules will have a total energy of 2 kJ?
Using Graphs of Gibbs Energy versus Temperature in General Chemistry Discussions of Phase Changes and Colligative PropertiesRobert M. Hanson, Patrick Riley, Jeff Schwinefus, and Paul J. Fischer The use of qualitative graphs of Gibbs energy versus temperature is described in the context of chemical demonstrations involving phase changes and colligative properties at the general chemistry level. Hanson, Robert M.; Riley, Patrick; Schwinefus, Jeff; Fischer, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1142.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
Configurational Entropy RevisitedFrank L. Lambert Positional entropy should be eliminated from general chemistry instruction and replaced by emphasis on the motional energy of molecules as enabling entropy change. Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1548.
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
"Mysteries" of the First and Second Laws of ThermodynamicsRubin Battino Over the years the subject of thermodynamics has taken on an aura of difficulty, subtlety, and mystery. This article discusses common misconceptions and how to introduce the topic to students. Battino, Rubin. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 753.
Measuring the EntropyEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Thermodynamics
Getting Acquainted with EntropyEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Thermodynamics
ChemPaths 104 M Mar 28John W. Moore Today in Chem 104:
* Lecture: Entropy
* Reading:
Kotz: Ch. 19, Sec. 1-4
Moore: Ch. 18, Sec. 1-4
* Homework #8 due by 11:55 PM F Apr 1
* Quiz in second discussion section this week
