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A New "Bottom-Up" Framework for Teaching Chemical BondingTami Levy Nahum, Rachel Mamlok-Naaman, Avi Hofstein, and Leeor Kronik This article presents a general framework for bonding that can be presented at different levels of sophistication depending on the student's level and needs. The pedagogical strategy for teaching this model is a "bottom-up" one, starting with basic principles and ending with specific properties. Levy Nahum, Tami; Mamlok-Naaman, Rachel; Hofstein, Avi; Kronik, Leeor. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1680.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Lewis Structures |
Materials Science |
MO Theory |
Noncovalent Interactions
Exploring Solid-State Structure and Physical Properties: A Molecular and Crystal Model ExerciseThomas H. Bindel This laboratory allows students to examine relationships among the microscopicmacroscopicsymbolic levels using crystalline mineral samples and corresponding crystal models. The exercise also reinforces Lewis dot structures, VSEPR theory, and the identification of molecular and coordination geometries. Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 822.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Molecular Modeling |
Solids |
VSEPR Theory |
Lewis Structures |
Physical Properties
NetorialsRebecca Ottosen, John Todd, Rachel Bain, Mike Miller, Liana Lamont, Mithra Biekmohamadi, and David B. Shaw Netorials is a collection of about 30 online tutorials on general chemistry topics designed as a supplement for high school or college introductory courses. Each Netorial contains several pages of interactive instruction that includes animated mouse-overs, questions for students to answer, and manipulable molecular structures. Ottosen, Rebecca; Todd, John; Bain, Rachel; Miller, Mike; Lamont. Liana; Biekmohamadi, Mithra; Shaw, David B. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 463.
Werner and Jørgensen Bond TheoryDavid M. Whisnant, Laura Yindra This simulation begins in the period around 1870 when chemistry is beginning to be organized. The concept, introduced by Kekulé and Couper, of tetravalent carbon atoms capable of linking to each other has permitted the rise of structural concepts in organic chemistry.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Valence Bond Theory
The Evolution of Bond TheoryDavid M. Whisnant, Laura Yindra In chemistry lectures we have little time to discuss the history of chemistry. This simulation begins with the development of valence concepts in the 19th century. We will step back into the 19th century to see how theories of chemical combination changed during that time.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Valence Bond Theory
Molecules with Lone PairsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.