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Crystallization of Supersaturated Sodium Acetate A supersaturated solution of sodium acetate is poured onto one small sodium acetate crystal. Crystals form from the liquid immediately upon contact with the seed crystal. A thermometer shows that the crystallization process is exothermic. A chemical hot pack is shown as an example of a commercially available supersaturated solution.
Solutions : FreezePtDepression (20 Variations) It takes 6.86 kg of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF (-31.7oC). How much sodium chloride (NaCl) would it take to decrease the freezing point of 6.50 kg of water to -25.0oF? (Assuming all the salt will dissolve in that amount of water.)
The Correlation of Binary Acid Strengths with Molecular Properties in First-Year ChemistryTravis D. Fridgen This article replaces contradictory explanations for the strengths of different binary acids in first-year chemistry textbooks with a single explanation that uses a BornHaber cycle involving homolyic bond dissociation energies, electron affinities, and ion solvation enthalpies to rationalize trends in the strengths of all binary acids. Fridgen, Travis D. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1220.
Acids / Bases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
Investigating Students' Ability To Transfer Ideas Learned from Molecular Animations of the Dissolution ProcessResa M. Kelly and Loretta L. Jones This study examines what features of the particulate nature of matter learned from viewing two animations of sodium chloride dissolution students would transfer to their descriptions of the participation of aqueous sodium chloride in a chemical reaction. Kelly, Resa M.; Jones, Loretta L. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 303.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Solutions / Solvents |
Constructivism
Freezing Point of Milk: A Natural Way To Understand Colligative PropertiesMercedes Novo, Belén Reija, and Wajih Al-Soufi Presents a laboratory experiment that illustrates the use of freezing point measurements to control milk quality and determine molecular weight. Novo, Mercedes; Reija, Belén; Al-Soufi, Wajih. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1673.
Computer Simulations of Salt SolubilityVictor M. S. Gil, João C. M. Paiva Computer Simulations of Salt Solubility provides an animated, visual interpretation of the different solubilities of related salts based on simple entropy changes associated with dissolution: configurational disorder and thermal disorder. This animation can also help improve students conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium before any quantitative interpretation of equilibrium constants is attempted.
Computational Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility
DissolvingAmerican Chemical Society ACS Science for Kids activities exploring the process of dissolving chemicals in solution.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
SolutionsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
