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Entropy These processes are shown in reverse. The situations shown are so highly improbable that we would not expect to observe them in nature.
Thermodynamics
Endothermic Reaction Solid barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba(OH)2*8H2O) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) are mixed in a beaker, which is then placed on a few drops of water on a small board. The reaction that occurs is highly endothermic.
Thermodynamics : CompareEntropyQual (16 Variations) Indicate which substance in each of the following pairs of substances you expect to have higher entropy. Assume that you have a mole of each substance and all substances are at the same temperature.
The Lead-Acid Battery: Its Voltage in Theory and in PracticeRichard S. Treptow Lead-acid battery fundamentals, cell voltage and the Nernst equation, and an analysis of actual battery performance. Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ.2002, 79, 334.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Acids / Bases |
Applications of Chemistry
Thermodynamics and SpontaneityRaymond S. Ochs Despite the importance of thermodynamics as the foundation of chemistry, most students emerge from introductory courses with only a dim understanding of this subject. Ochs, Raymond S. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 952.
Thermodynamics |
Learning Theories |
Equilibrium
Error in the minimum free energy curveWillis, Grover; Ball, David Correction to the minimum free energy curve shown in some general chemistry texts. Willis, Grover; Ball, David J. Chem. Educ.1984, 61, 173.
Standard Enthalpies of FormationEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Thermodynamics
Disorder (GCMP)David M. Whisnant Disorder: this is a resource in the collection "General Chemistry Multimedia Problems". A spontaneous change is one that has a natural tendency to occur without needing to be driven by an external influence. This problem will explore the influence of entropy, a measure of disorder, on the spontaneity of a few processes. General Chemistry Multimedia Problems ask students questions about experiments they see presented using videos and images. The questions asked apply concepts from different parts of an introductory course, encouraging students to decompartmentalize the material.
Thermodynamics
Two Solids (GCMP)David M. Whisnant Two Solids: this is a resource in the collection "General Chemistry Multimedia Problems". When two solids barium hydroxide octahydrate, Ba(OH)2. 8H2O and ammonium thiocyanate, NH4SCN are mixed, they react. We will explore the thermodynamics of the reaction. General Chemistry Multimedia Problems ask students questions about experiments they see presented using videos and images. The questions asked apply concepts from different parts of an introductory course, encouraging students to decompartmentalize the material.
