5.1 Exchange Reactions: Precipitation and Net Ionic Equations
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Cadmium Nitrate with Sodium Sulfide Here, sodium sulfide (Na2S) is added to cadmium nitrate (Cd(NO3)2). The result is a deep yellow-orange precipitate.
Precipitation Reactions Approximately 2 mL of Solution A is added to a sample of Solution B with a dropping pipet. If a precipitate forms, the resulting precipitate is supended in the mixture. The mixture is then stirred with a glass stirring rod and the precipitate is allowed to settle for about a minute.
Reactions : IDSampleRxnVideo (7 Variations) You have an unknown aqueous sample. You add aqueous copper(II) sulfate to the sample. View the video below and determine which of the compounds listed below could be your sample.
NetorialsRebecca Ottosen, John Todd, Rachel Bain, Mike Miller, Liana Lamont, Mithra Biekmohamadi, and David B. Shaw Netorials is a collection of about 30 online tutorials on general chemistry topics designed as a supplement for high school or college introductory courses. Each Netorial contains several pages of interactive instruction that includes animated mouse-overs, questions for students to answer, and manipulable molecular structures. Ottosen, Rebecca; Todd, John; Bain, Rachel; Miller, Mike; Lamont. Liana; Biekmohamadi, Mithra; Shaw, David B. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 463.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Reactions |
VSEPR Theory |
Stoichiometry
Dynamic Reaction Figures: An Integrative Vehicle for Understanding Chemical ReactionsEmeric Schultz Describes the dynamic reaction figure, a flexible learning tool that can be used to balance chemical equations, predict the results of potential reactions, present the underlying mechanism of reactions, and solve quantitative problems in a number of areas. Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 386.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Nonmajor Courses
Investigating Students' Ability To Transfer Ideas Learned from Molecular Animations of the Dissolution ProcessResa M. Kelly and Loretta L. Jones This study examines what features of the particulate nature of matter learned from viewing two animations of sodium chloride dissolution students would transfer to their descriptions of the participation of aqueous sodium chloride in a chemical reaction. Kelly, Resa M.; Jones, Loretta L. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 303.
The Nobel Prize and Aqua RegiaRobert Hetue A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility
Molecular Models of EDTA and Other Chelating AgentsWilliam F. Coleman Deirdre Bell-Oudry presents a variation on an old theme in her paper on using an indirect EDTA titration for sulfate analysis (1). EDTA and (often loosely) related species are this month's Featured Molecules.EDTA is a hexaprotic acid (H6Y2+) having the pKa values given in the featured paper (1). Figure 1 shows a distribution diagram for the EDTA system (2). At the pH of normal waters, the predominant species have one or both of the nitrogen atoms protonated.Complexation, however, requires that both nitrogens be deprotonated and it is generally assumed that the form that complexes with metal ions is Y4−. Structures of several forms of EDTA are included in the molecule collection (Figure 2). These structures are quite flexible having many conformations that are readily accessible at room temperature.An introduction to EDTA chemistry leads to broader questions of metal ion chelation or sequestration. Related chelating agents included in the molecule collection are EGTA, DCTA, NTA, BAPTA, and DTPA. Molecular dynamics and Hartree-Fock calculations on BAPTA (Figure 2) confirm that many conformations, ranging from those with the phenyl rings parallel to one another, to more elongated forms, are essentially isoenergetic in room temperature aqueous solution (3).Also included in the molecule collection are several crown ethers, an isophore (nonactin), and a cryptand. These not only provide students with a glimpse of the types of molecules being employed for metal ion sequestration but open a wide range of topics of current research in a variety of areas of inorganic, industrial, environmental, and biological chemistry.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
Hydration of IonsEd Vitz, John W. Moore A section of ChemPrime, the Chemical Educations Digital Library's free General Chemistry textbook.
AgCl (s) + HNO3(aq) 
