| Journal Articles: 652 results |
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The Electrochemical Synthesis of Transition-Metal Acetylacetonates S. R. Long, S. R. Browning, and J. J. Lagowski
The electrochemical synthesis of transition-metal acetylacetonates can assist in the transformation of an entry-level laboratory course into a research-like environment where all members of a class are working on the same problem, but each student has a personal responsibility for the synthesis and characterization of a specific compound.
Long, S. R.; Browning, S. R.; Lagowski, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1429.
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
IR Spectroscopy |
Physical Properties |
Synthesis |
Transition Elements |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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New Observations on the Copper-to-Silver-to-Gold Demonstration Dorin Bejan, Jeff Hastie, and Nigel J. Bunce
This analysis of the classic copper-to-silver-to-gold demonstration describes the deposition of zinc in the form of the silver-colored alloy ?-brass, the evolution of hydrogen at the copper cathode, and the behavior of the associated electrochemical cell.
Bejan, Dorin; Hastie, Jeff; Bunce, Nigel J. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1381.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction
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The Correlation of Binary Acid Strengths with Molecular Properties in First-Year Chemistry Travis D. Fridgen
This article replaces contradictory explanations for the strengths of different binary acids in first-year chemistry textbooks with a single explanation that uses a BornHaber cycle involving homolyic bond dissociation energies, electron affinities, and ion solvation enthalpies to rationalize trends in the strengths of all binary acids.
Fridgen, Travis D. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1220.
Acids / Bases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
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Appreciating Oxygen Hilton M. Weiss
Photosynthetic flora and microfauna utilize light from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. While these carbohydrates and their derivative hydrocarbons are generally considered to be fuels, it is the thermodynamically energetic oxygen molecule that traps, stores, and provides almost all of the energy that powers life on earth.
Weiss, Hilton M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1218.
Bioenergetics |
Metabolism |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photosynthesis |
Thermodynamics
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Undergraduates' Understanding of Entropy Arnd H. Jungermann
Szbilir and Bennett carried out an extensive investigation on undergraduates understanding of entropy. Though I agree in general with their statements that orderdisorder arguments form a misleading entropy concept, I would like to make some comments with regard to a certain part of their online supplement.
Jungermann, Arnd H. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1192.
Thermodynamics
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Using Graphs of Gibbs Energy versus Temperature in General Chemistry Discussions of Phase Changes and Colligative Properties Robert M. Hanson, Patrick Riley, Jeff Schwinefus, and Paul J. Fischer
The use of qualitative graphs of Gibbs energy versus temperature is described in the context of chemical demonstrations involving phase changes and colligative properties at the general chemistry level.
Hanson, Robert M.; Riley, Patrick; Schwinefus, Jeff; Fischer, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1142.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
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Does the Addition of Inert Gases at Constant Volume and Temperature Affect Chemical Equilibrium? João C. M. Paiva, Jorge Gonçalves, and Susana Fonseca
This article examines three approaches, leading to different conclusions, for answering the question "Does the addition of inert gases at constant volume and temperature modify the state of equilibrium?"
Paiva, João C. M.; Gonçalves, Jorge; Fonseca, Susana. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1133.
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Thermodynamics
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An Updated Equilibrium Machine Emeric Schultz
Describes a device that can demonstrate equilibrium and the Le Châtelier principle, as well as kinetic and thermodynamic concepts. The device consists of a leaf blower attached to a plastic container divided into two chambers by a barrier of variable size and form. Styrofoam balls can be exchanged across the barrier when various air pressures are applied by the blower.
Schultz, Emeric. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1131.
Equilibrium |
Kinetics |
Thermodynamics
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An Inexpensive Solution Calorimeter Emma Kavanagh, Sam Mindel, Giles Robertson, and D. E. Peter Hughes
Describes the construction of a simple solution calorimeter, using a miniature bead thermistor as a temperature-sensing element, that has a response time of a few seconds and made it possible to carry out a thermometric reaction in under a minute.
Kavanagh, Emma; Mindel, Sam; Robertson, Giles; Hughes, D. E. Peter. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1129.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Thermal Analysis |
Thermodynamics
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Introducing Undergraduate Students to Electrochemistry: A Two-Week Discovery Chemistry Experiment Kenneth V. Mills, Richard S. Herrick, Louise W. Guilmette, Lisa P. Nestor, Heather Shafer, and Mauri A. Ditzler,
Within the framework of a laboratory-focused, guided-inquiry pedagogy, students discover the Nernst equation, the spontaneity of galvanic cells, concentration cells, and the use of electrochemical data to calculate equilibrium constants.
Mills, Kenneth V.; Herrick, Richard S.; Guilmette, Louise W.; Nestor, Lisa P.; Shafer, Heather;Ditzler, Mauri A. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1116.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Equilibrium
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Preparation of Conducting Polymers by Electrochemical Methods and Demonstration of a Polymer Battery Hiromasa Goto, Hiroyuki Yoneyama, Fumihiro Togashi, Reina Ohta, Akitsu Tsujimoto, Eiji Kita, and Ken-ichi Ohshima
The electrochemical polymerization of aniline and pyrrole, and demonstrations of electrochromism and the polymer battery effect, are presented as demonstrations suitable for high school and introductory chemistry at the university level.
Goto, Hiromasa; Yoneyama, Hiroyuki; Togashi, Fumihiro; Ohta, Reina; Tsujimoto, Akitsu; Kita, Eiji; Ohshima, Ken-ichi. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1067.
Aromatic Compounds |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Polymerization
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Energy John W. Moore
Scientific Challenges in Sustainable Energy Technology, by Nathan S. Lewis of the California Institute of Technology, summarizes data on energy resources and analyses the implications for human society. Slides, text, and streaming audio/video are available at his Web site. There is much in this presentation that could (and should) be incorporated into chemistry pedagogy.
Moore, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 891.
Thermodynamics
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EQVAPSIM: A Vapor–Liquid Equilibria of Binary Systems Computer Simulation by LabVIEW A. Belletti, R. Borromei, and G. Ingletto
Reports the results of a program using LabVIEW software to simulate the construction of a phase diagram representing a liquidvapor equilibrium. The program models work in a real laboratory, including mistakes commonly made in this context.
Belletti, A.; Borromei, R.; Ingletto, G. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 879.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Student-Centered Learning
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Prussian Blue: Artists' Pigment and Chemists' Sponge Mike Ware
The variable composition of Prussian blue tantalized chemists until investigations by X-ray crystallography in the late 20th century explained its many properties and uses.
Ware, Mike. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 612.
Applications of Chemistry |
Coordination Compounds |
Dyes / Pigments |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Photochemistry |
Toxicology
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Metal Electrodeposition on an Integrated, Screen-Printed Electrode Assembly Yieu Chyan and Oliver Chyan
Screen-printed, carbon strip electrodes illustrate the essential concepts of electrochemistry and electrodeposition; their light weight facilitates sensitive measurements of electrodeposited metal, allowing for the exploration of Faraday's law and electrodeposition efficiency.
Chyan, Yieu; Chyan, Oliver. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 565.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Quantitative Analysis
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Easy-To-Make Cryophoruses Rubin Battino and Trevor M. Letcher
This article describes some simple and easy-to-make cryophoruses, ideal for demonstrating evaporative cooling to students at all levels.
Battino, Rubin; Letcher, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 561.
Lipids |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics |
Liquids
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Yet Another Variation on the Electrolysis of Water at Iron Nails Mark T. Stauffer and Justin P. Fox
Describes a variation on the electrolysis of water with iron nails in which a sharp contrast in the colors produced effectively demonstrates electrolysis and the diffusion of oxidized and reduced species from the electrodes.
Stauffer, Mark T.; Fox, Justin P. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 523.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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Netorials Rebecca Ottosen, John Todd, Rachel Bain, Mike Miller, Liana Lamont, Mithra Biekmohamadi, and David B. Shaw
Netorials is a collection of about 30 online tutorials on general chemistry topics designed as a supplement for high school or college introductory courses. Each Netorial contains several pages of interactive instruction that includes animated mouse-overs, questions for students to answer, and manipulable molecular structures.
Ottosen, Rebecca; Todd, John; Bain, Rachel; Miller, Mike; Lamont. Liana; Biekmohamadi, Mithra; Shaw, David B. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 463.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Reactions |
VSEPR Theory |
Stoichiometry
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Understanding the Clausius–Clapeyron Equation by Employing an Easily Adaptable Pressure Cooker Monica Galleano, Alberto Boveris, and Susana Puntarulo
Describes a laboratory exercise to understand the effect of pressure on phase equilibrium as described by the ClausiusClapeyron equation. The equipment required is a pressure cooker adapted with a pressure gauge and a thermometer in the lid, allowing the measurement of the pressure and the temperature of the chamber containing the water heated until vaporization.
Galleano, Monica; Boveris, Alberto; Puntarulo, Susana. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 276.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry
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A Lab Experience To Illustrate the Physicochemical Principles of Detergency J. A. Poce-Fatou, M. Bethencourt-Núñez, C. Moreno, F. J. Moreno-Dorado, and J. J. Pinto-Ganfornina
This article presents a lab to study the role of a surfactant and builder in laundry detergent efficiency as determined through measurements of the diffuse reflectances of polyester samples impregnated with linseed oil.
Poce-Fatou, J. A.; Bethencourt-Núñez, M.; Moreno, C.; Moreno-Dorado, F. J.; Pinto-Ganfornina, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 266.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Micelles |
Surface Science |
Thermodynamics
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Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics (Horia Metiu)
Taylor & Francis, New York, London, 2006. 694 pp. ISBN: 978-0815340911 (paper). $49.95Physical Chemistry: Statistical Mechanics (Horia Metiu)
Taylor & Francis, New York, London, 2006. 292 pp. ISBN: 978-0815340850 (paper). $44.95 Physical Chemistry: Kinetics (Horia Metiu)
Taylor & Francis, New York, London, 2006. 169 pp. ISBN: 978-0815340898 (paper). $44.95 Physical Chemistry: Quantum Mechanics (Horia Metiu)
Taylor & Francis, New York, London, 2006. 481 pp. ISBN: 978-0815340874 (paper). $44.95 John Krenos
Metiu has created a significant set of volumes on undergraduate physical chemistry. The integration of Mathematica and Mathcad workbooks into the four texts provides instructors with an attractive new option in teaching.
Krenos, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 206.
Quantum Chemistry |
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics
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An Experimental Approach to Teaching and Learning Elementary Statistical Mechanics Frank B. Ellis and David C. Ellis
This article details demonstrations that show how equilibrium changes with temperature, energy, and entropy and involve exothermic and endothermic reactions, the dynamic nature of equilibrium, and Le Châtelier's principle.
Ellis, Frank B.; Ellis, David C. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 78.
Equilibrium |
Kinetics |
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
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Electrochemical Polishing of Silverware: A Demonstration of Voltaic and Galvanic Cells Michelle M. Ivey and Eugene T. Smith
Using a battery and a graphite electrode, an electrolytic cell is constructed to generate a layer of tarnish on silverware. Students then determine that the tarnish can be removed by electrochemically converting it back to silver using aluminum foil and baking soda.
Ivey, Michelle M.; Smith, Eugene T. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 68.
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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How Many Atomic Layers of Zinc Are in a Galvanized Iron Coating? Shui-Ping Yang
This article describes a guided inquiry and problem solving experiment in which students use a novel gasometric assembly to determine the thickness and number of atomic layers of zinc coating on galvanized iron wires and nails.
Yang, Shui-Ping. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1792.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Quantitative Analysis |
Rate Law
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Gas Clathrate Hydrates Experiment for High School Projects and Undergraduate Laboratories Melissa P. Prado, Annie Pham, Robert E. Ferazzi, Kimberly Edwards, and Kenneth C. Janda
Presents a procedure for preparing and studying propane clathrate hydrate. This experiment introduces students to this unusual solid while stimulating a discussion of the interplay of intermolecular forces, thermodynamics, and solid structure.
Prado, Melissa P.; Pham, Annie; Ferazzi, Robert E.; Edwards, Kimberly; Janda, Kenneth C. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1790.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Applications of Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Hydrogen Bonding
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A Fast Coulometric Estimation of Avogadro's Number Nicholas C. Thomas
Using simple materials found in any high school or college laboratory, an electrochemical method of determining Avogadro's number is presented.
Thomas, Nicholas C. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1667.
Electrochemistry |
Gases
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The Use of Limits in an Advanced Placement Chemistry Course Paul S. Matsumoto, Jonathan Ring, and Jia Li (Lily) Zhu
This article describes the use of limits in topics usually covered in advanced placement or first-year college chemistry. This approach supplements the interpretation of the graph of an equation since it is usually easier to evaluate the limit of a function than to generate its graph.
Matsumoto, Paul S.; Ring, Jonathan; Zhu, Jia Li (Lily). J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1655.
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Thermodynamics
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Configurational Entropy Revisited Frank L. Lambert
Positional entropy should be eliminated from general chemistry instruction and replaced by emphasis on the motional energy of molecules as enabling entropy change.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1548.
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
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Redox Titration of Ferricyanide to Ferrocyanide with Ascorbic Acid: Illustrating the Nernst Equation and Beer–Lambert Law Tina H. Huang, Gail Salter, Sarah L. Kahn, and Yvonne M. Gindt
In this simple experiment, which illustrates the Nernst equation and BeerLambert law, students monitor the reduction of ferricyanide ion to ferrocyanide electrochemically and spectrophoto-metrically upon titration with ascorbic acid. The Nernst equation is used to calculate the standard reduction potential of the redox couple at pH 7 and the number of electrons transferred.
Huang, Tina H.; Salter, Gail; Kahn, Sarah L.; Gindt, Yvonne M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1461.
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Potentiometry |
Spectroscopy |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy
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Mercury Beating Heart: Modifications to the Classical Demonstration Metodija Najdoski, Valentin Mirceski, Vladimir M. Petruševski, and Sani Demiri
The classic mercury beating heart demonstration is modified with various electrolytes.
Najdoski, Metodija; Mirceski, Valentin; Petruševski, Vladimir M.; Demiri, Sani. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1292.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Surface Science
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Building a Low-Cost, Six-Electrode Instrument To Measure Electrical Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Gold Nanoparticles Ralph W. Gerber and Maria Oliver-Hoyo
The multimeter testing apparatus described is an inexpensive and easy to construct analogdigital meter that can be used for quantitative measurements of self-assembled gold monolayers.
Gerber, Ralph W.; Oliver-Hoyo, Maria. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1177.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Nanotechnology |
Surface Science |
Electrochemistry
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Mass-Elastic Band Thermodynamics: A Visual Teaching Aid at the Introductory Level William C. Galley
Demonstrations of five spontaneous isothermal processes involving the coupling of a mass and elastic band and arising from combinations of enthalpy and entropy changes are presented and then dissected. Analogies are drawn between these processes and common spontaneous molecular events such as chemical reactions and phase transitions.
Galley, William C. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1147.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
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Peer-Developed and Peer-Led Labs in General Chemistry Lorena Tribe and Kim Kostka
Describes a student-developed and led laboratory curriculum as a model for producing a more student-centered and rich laboratory experience in general chemistry laboratories.
Tribe, Lorena; Kostka, Kim. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1031.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Kinetics |
Laboratory Management |
Thermodynamics |
Student-Centered Learning
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Enthalpy of Vaporization and Vapor Pressures: An Inexpensive Apparatus Rubin Battino, David A. Dolson, Michael R. Hall, and Trevor M. Letcher
Describes an inexpensive apparatus for the determination of the vapor pressure of a liquid as a function of temperature for the purpose of calculating enthalpy changes of vaporization. Also described are a simple air thermostat and an inexpensive temperature controller based on an integrated temperature sensor.
Battino, Rubin; Dolson, David A.; Hall, Michael R.; Letcher, Trevor M. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 822.
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Lipids |
Phenols |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics |
Liquids |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
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"Mysteries" of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics Rubin Battino
Over the years the subject of thermodynamics has taken on an aura of difficulty, subtlety, and mystery. This article discusses common misconceptions and how to introduce the topic to students.
Battino, Rubin. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 753.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
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Textbook Error: Short Circuiting an Electrochemical Cell Judith M. Bonicamp and Roy W. Clark
Reports a serious error in the electrochemical diagrams in eight, 21st century texts and offers an analogy to electrical potential energy and a diagram to clarify the interrelationships between electromotive force E, reaction quotient Q, and Gibbs free energy G.
Bonicamp, Judith M.; Clark, Roy W. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 731.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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Exploring Faraday's Law of Electrolysis Using Zinc–Air Batteries with Current Regulative Diodes Masahiro Kamata and Miei Paku
Describes a new educational experiment using low-cost zincair batteries and current regulative diode arrays to quickly confirm Faraday's law of electrolysis.
Kamata, Masahiro; Paku, Miei. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 674.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Small-Scale and Low-Cost Electrodes for "Standard" Reduction Potential Measurements Per-Odd Eggen, Lise Kvittingen, and Truls Grønneberg
This article describes how to construct three simple and inexpensive, microchemistry electrodes: hydrogen, chlorine, and copper.
Eggen, Per-Odd; Grønneberg, Truls; Kvittingen, Lise. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 671.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab |
Student-Centered Learning
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A Lemon Cell Battery for High-Power Applications Kenneth R. Muske, Christopher W. Nigh, and Randy D. Weinstein
This article discusses the development of a lemon cell battery for high-power applications such as radios, portable cassette or CD players, and battery-powered toys.
Muske, Kenneth R.; Nigh, Christopher W.; Weinstein, Randy D. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 635.
Applications of Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
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A Simple and Inexpensive Salt Bridge for Demonstrations Involving a Galvanic Cell Charles A. Liberko
A saturated sponge is a quick, economical, and reliable way to allow ions to transfer between the two half cells in a galvanic cell.
Liberko, Charles A. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 597.
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
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Cp/Cv Ratios Measured by the Sound Velocity Method Using Calculator-Based Laboratory Technology Mario Branca and Isabella Soletta
The values ? = Cp /Cv (heat capacity at a constant pressure / heat capacity at constant volume) for air, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide were determined by measuring the velocity of sound through these gases at room temperature using Calculator-Based Laboratory Technology.
Branca, Mario; Soletta, Isabella. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 462.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Physical Properties
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Flame Emission Spectrometry in General Chemistry Labs: Solubility Product (Ksp) of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Frazier W. Nyasulu, William Cusworth III, David Lindquist, and John Mackin
In this general chemistry laboratory, flame emission spectrometry is used to determine the potassium ion concentration in saturated solutions of potassium hydrogen phthalate. From these data the solubility products, the Gibbs free energies of solution, the standard enthalpy of solution, and the standard entropy of solution are calculated.
Nyasulu, Frazier W.; Cusworth, William, III; Lindquist, David; Mackin, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 456.
Acids / Bases |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Spectroscopy |
Equilibrium |
Quantitative Analysis |
Thermodynamics |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Atomic Spectroscopy
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Introduction of Differential Scanning Calorimetry in a General Chemistry Laboratory Course: Determination of Thermal Properties of Organic Hydrocarbons Ronald DAmelia, Thomas Franks, and William F. Nirode
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a rugged, easy-to-use instrumental method for thermal analysis determinations. The work described herein discusses the use of DSC in a general chemistry laboratory course to determine thermal properties such as melting points, ?fusionH, ?fusionS, and introduce the concept of polymorphism for organic hydrocarbons.
DAmelia, Ronald; Franks, Thomas; Nirode, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 453.
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Instrumental Methods |
Physical Properties |
Thermal Analysis |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
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Discovering the Thermodynamics of Simultaneous Equilibria. An Entropy Analysis Activity Involving Consecutive Equilibria Thomas H. Bindel
This activity explores the thermodynamics of simultaneous, consecutive equilibria and is appropriate for second-year high school or AP chemistry. Students discover that a reactant-favored (entropy-diminishing) reaction can be caused to happen if it is coupled with a product-favored reaction of sufficient entropy production.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 449.
Acids / Bases |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Introducing New Learning Tools into a Standard Classroom: A Multi-Tool Approach to Integrating Fuel-Cell Concepts into Introductory College Chemistry Matthew J. DAmato, Kenneth W. Lux, Kenneth A. Walz, Holly Walter Kerby, and Barbara Anderegg
Describes an approach to deliver the science and engineering concepts involved in fuel-cell technology to the introductory college chemistry classroom using traditional lectures, multimedia learning objects, and a lab activity to enhance student learning in a hands-on, interactive manner.
DAmato, Matthew J.; Lux, Kenneth W.; Walz, Kenneth A.; Kerby, Holly Walter; Anderegg, Barbara. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 248.
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Nanotechnology |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Membranes
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An Easy Way to Personalize Your Iron or Stainless Steel Items Ejaz ur Rehman
Describes a simple and useful method for permanently labeling metallic items by the application of alternating current through a mask.
Rehman, Ejaz ur. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 40.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
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Effectiveness of Conceptual Change-Oriented Teaching Strategy To Improve Students' Understanding of Galvanic Cells Ali Riza Özkaya, Musa Üce, Hakan Sariçayir, and Musa Sahin
This article presents efforts to develop a conceptual change-oriented strategy to teaching galvanic cells in electrochemistry. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of conceptual change-oriented instruction relative to conventional instruction using statistical comparisons.
Özkaya, Ali Riza; Üce, Musa; Sariçayir, Hakan; Sahin, Musa. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1719.
Electrochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Undergraduate Research
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Entropy and the Shelf Model: A Quantum Physical Approach to a Physical Property Arnd H. Jungermann
A quantum physical approach relying on energy quantization leads to three simple rules which are the key to understanding the physical property described by molar entropy values.
Jungermann, Arnd H. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1686.
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Carboxylic Acids |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Physical Properties |
Quantum Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
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Job's Analysis of the Range of the "Dalton Syringe Rocket" Natalie Barto, Brandon Henrie, and Ed Vitz
An apparatus for safely igniting fuel gas/oxygen mixtures in a syringe and measuring the distance that the syringe is propelled is presented. The distance (range) is analyzed by the method of continuous variation (Job's Method) to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Barto, Natalie; Henrie, Brandon; Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1505.
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Stoichiometry
|
Teaching Physical Chemistry Experiments with a Computer Simulation by LabVIEW A. Belletti, R. Borromei, and G. Ingletto
This article reports on a computer simulation developed with the software LabVIEW of the physical chemistry experiment regarding the vapor pressure measurements of a pure liquid as a function of temperature, as well as a system of data collecting that emphasizes the similarities between the virtual and real experiment.
Belletti, A.; Borromei, R.; Ingletto, G. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1353.
Equilibrium |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Liquids |
Thermodynamics |
Gases |
Student-Centered Learning
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Achieving Chemical Equilibrium: The Role of Imposed Conditions in the Ammonia Formation Reaction Joel Tellinghuisen
The conditions under which chemical reactions occur determine which thermodynamic functions are minimized or maximized. This point is illustrated for the formation of ammonia in the ideal gas approximation using a numerical exercise.
Tellinghuisen, Joel. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1090.
Gases |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
The Synthesis of Copper(II) Carboxylates Revisited Kevin Kushner, Robert E. Spangler, Ralph A. Salazar, Jr., and J. J. Lagowski
Describes an electrochemical synthesis of copper(II) carboxylates for use in the general chemistry laboratory course for chemistry majors.
Kushner, Kevin; Spangler, Robert E.; Salazar, Ralph A., Jr.; Lagowski, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1042.
Carboxylic Acids |
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Solutions / Solvents |
Transition Elements |
Undergraduate Research |
Synthesis
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Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces: A General Chemistry Laboratory Comparison of Hydrogen Bonding in Maleic and Fumaric Acids Frazier W. Nyasulu and John Macklin
This article presents a simple laboratory experiment that is designed to enhance students' understanding of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding by demonstrating the comparative effect of these phenomena on some chemical and physical properties.
Nyasulu, Frazier W.; Macklin, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 770.
Acids / Bases |
Hydrogen Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Thermodynamics |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Useful Work of a Process Norman C. Craig
Acknowledgment of a flaw in the article, Lets Drive Driving Force Out of Chemistry.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 703.
Bioenergetics |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Useful Work of a Process Bruno Lunelli
Clarifies a potentially misleading statement in the article, Lets Drive Driving Force Out of Chemistry.
Lunelli, Bruno. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 703.
Bioenergetics |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
No "Driving Forces" in General Chemistry Evguenii I. Kozliak
A simple and easy-to-remember explanation, that precipitation of a solid and/or formation of water are driving forces of those reactions or drive them to completion, still occurs among instructors.
Kozliak, Evguenii I. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 702.
Bioenergetics |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid Todd P. Silverstein
Offers additional solutions to the cracked watch glass problem associated with an earlier published dehydration of sugar demonstration.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 701.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics
|
Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid Edward F. Duhr, Allison S. Soult, John G. Maijub, and Fitzgerald B. Bramwell
The procedure for Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid: No More Choking Fumes in the Classroom! can lead to watch glass breakage and thereby a fire hazard.
Duhr, Edward F.; Soult, Allison S.; Maijub, John G.; Bramwell, Fitzgerald B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 701.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics
|
Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid Edward F. Duhr, Allison S. Soult, John G. Maijub, and Fitzgerald B. Bramwell
The procedure for Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid: No More Choking Fumes in the Classroom! can lead to watch glass breakage and thereby a fire hazard.
Duhr, Edward F.; Soult, Allison S.; Maijub, John G.; Bramwell, Fitzgerald B. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 701.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics
|
New Highlights on Analyzing First-Order Kinetic Data of the Peroxodisulfate–Iodide System at Different Temperatures J. Yperman and W. J. Guedens
A pseudo-first order kinetic experiment examining the peroxodisulfateiodide system is executed at different temperatures, making it possible to calculate the activation energy of this reaction.
Yperman, J.; Guedens, W. J. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 641.
Kinetics |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Rate Law |
Thermodynamics
|
Give Them Money: The Boltzmann Game, a Classroom or Laboratory Activity Modeling Entropy Changes and the Distribution of Energy in Chemical Systems Robert M. Hanson and Bridget Michalek
Described here is a short, simple activity that can be used in any high school or college chemistry classroom or lab to explore the way energy is distributed in real chemical systems and as an entry into discussions of the probabilistic nature of entropy.
Hanson, Robert M.; Michalek, Bridget. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 581.
Equilibrium |
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
|
Computer Simulations of Salt Solubility Victor M. S. Gil and João C. M. Paiva
Computer Simulations of Salt Solubility provides an animated, visual interpretation of the different solubilities of related salts based on simple entropy changes associated with dissolution: configurational disorder and thermal disorder.
Gil, Victor M. S.; Paiva, João C. M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 173.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Computational Chemistry
|
A New Java Animation in Peer-Reviewed JCE WebWare William F. Coleman and Edward W. Fedosky
Just added to JCE WebWare, Computer Simulations of Salt Solubility uses a Java applet and Web browser to present an animated illustration of differences in the solubility of salts due to differences in the entropy of solvation.
Coleman, William F.; Fedosky, Edward W. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 173.
Computational Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Using Computer Simulations To Teach Salt Solubility. The Role of Entropy in Solubility Equilibrium Victor M. S. Gil and João C. M. Paiva
Pairs of salts are discussed to illustrate the interpretation of their different behavior in water in terms of the fundamental concept of entropy. The ability of computer simulations to help improve students' understanding of these chemistry concepts is also examined.
Gil, Victor M. S.; Paiva, João C. M. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 170.
Computational Chemistry |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Theoretical Insights for Practical Handling of Pressurized Fluids Alfonso Aranda and María del Prado Rodríguez
Introduces the basic considerations for managing pressurized fluids, mainly liquefied and compressed gases.
Aranda, Alfonso; Rodríguez, María del Prado. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 93.
Applications of Chemistry |
Gases |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics
|
E = mc2 for the Chemist: When Is Mass Conserved? Richard S. Treptow
Einstein's famous equation is frequently misunderstood in textbooks and popular science literature. Its correct interpretation is that mass and energy are different measures of a single quantity known as massenergy, which is conserved in all processes.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1636.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Theoretical Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Laboratory Experiments on the Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 7: Microscale Production of Ozone Jorge G. Ibanez, Rodrigo Mayen-Mondragon, M. T. Moran-Moran, Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz, Bruce Mattson, and Scot Eskestrand
Ozone, a powerful oxidizing and disinfecting agent, is produced electrochemically in the undergraduate laboratory with simple equipment and under very mild conditions. Tests are given to characterize it, to observe its action in simulated environmental applications, and to measure its rate of production.
Ibanez, Jorge G.; Mayen-Mondragon, Rodrigo; Moran-Moran, M. T.; Alatorre-Ordaz, Alejandro; Mattson, Bruce; Eskestrand, Scot. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1546.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Descriptive Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions
|
Electropolymerized Conducting Polymer as Actuator and Sensor Device: An Undergraduate Electrochemical Laboratory Experiment María T. Cortés and Juan C. Moreno
A trilayer formed by two conducting polymer films sandwiched around an adhesive polymer layer works as actuator and sensor simultaneously. This device can be bent up to 180 and it can be used as a sensing device of physical chemistry parameters such as cell temperature and electrolyte concentration. In this article, it is shown in a didactic way how to electrochemically synthesize ClO4-doped polypyrrole (PPy) films, how to fabricate a trilayer device, and how to evaluate its actuating and sensing capabilities. The required materials are simple and a complicated setup is not necessary.
Cortés, María T.; Moreno, Juan C. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1372.
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Undergraduate Research |
Polymerization |
Applications of Chemistry
|
A Note on Dalton's Law: Myths, Facts, and Implementation Ronald W. Missen and William R. Smith
The treatment of Dalton's law for gas mixtures commonly includes the improper designation "Dalton's law of partial pressures", rather than the correct "Dalton's law of additivity of (pure component) pressures". It also identifies the pure component pressure as the partial pressure, although these are only numerically equal for a mixture of ideal gases. The situation is clarified by examination of an appropriate statement of the law and definitions, eventually in operational form with reference to mixtures of nonideal gases.
Missen, Ronald Wi.; Smith, William R. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1197.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Equilibria That Shift Left upon Addition of More Reactant Jeffrey E. Lacy
Most textbook presentations of Le Chtelier's principle in general and physical chemistry do not include a discussion of constant pressure conditions for which addition of a reactant can shift the equilibrium to the left. We propose presentations of isothermal, open systems at constant pressure for both levels of study by using concepts and skills that the respective students already possess. In addition, we derive novel criteria based on the stoichiometry of the reaction that can be used to identify those equilibria that will shift left upon addition of more reactant.
Lacy, Jeffrey E. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1192.
Equilibrium |
Mathematics / Symbolic Mathematics |
Thermodynamics
|
Microscopic Description of Le Châtelier's Principle Igor Novak
The analysis based on microscopic descriptors (energy levels and their populations) is given that provides visualization of free energies and conceptual rationalization of Le Châtelier's principle. The misconception "nature favors equilibrium" is highlighted.
Novak, Igor. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1190.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
The Reaction Quotient Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems: The Reaction Quotient (Q) IS Useful After All Todd P. Silverstein
Paul Matsumoto was absolutely correct in writing The Reaction Quotient Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1149.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
The Reaction Quotient Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems: The Reaction Quotient (Q) IS Useful After All Todd P. Silverstein
Paul Matsumoto was absolutely correct in writing The Reaction Quotient Is Unnecessary To Solve Equilibrium Problems.
Silverstein, Todd P. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1149.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
The Origins of Positive and Negative in Electricity William B. Jensen
In response to a reader query, the column traces the origins of the terms "positive" and "negative" in electricity.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 988.
Electrochemistry
|
Conceptual Considerations in Molecular Science Donald T. Sawyer
The undergraduate curriculum and associated textbooks include several significant misconceptions.
Sawyer, Donald T. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 985.
Catalysis |
Covalent Bonding |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates |
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
JavaScript Programs To Calculate Thermodynamic Properties Using Cubic Equations of State
Cubic equations of state are widely used by chemists and chemical engineers to predict the thermodynamic properties of both pure substances and mixtures. In particular, these equations enable predictions concerning the temperature and pressure at which vaporliquid equilibrium occurs. These two educational JavaScript programs perform calculations using cubic equations of state and, equally importantly, explain how the calculations are performed.
J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 960.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
JavaScript Programs To Calculate Thermodynamic Properties Using Cubic Equations of State Patrick J. Barrie
In this article, two JavaScript programs are described. The first program gives students the choice of five different cubic equations of state and performs calculations for pure substances. The second program predicts vaporliquid equilibrium for binary mixtures using a choice of three modern equations of state and the van der Waals mixing rules.
Barrie, Patrick J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 958.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium
|
The q/T Paradox: Which "Contains More Heat", a Cup of Coffee at 95°C or a Liter of Icewater? Ed Vitz and Michael J. Schuman
In this demonstration, heat is removed from 10 cm3 of water at ~95C and 42 cm3 of water at ~0C by adding each to a measured sample of liquid nitrogen. The heat removed from the water boils the N2(l), and the quantity of liquid nitrogen that is evaporated by boiling is determined. The quantity of heat that was absorbed is calculated from the heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen and found to be about 10,000 J in the case of the hot water and 25,000 J in the case of the icewater.
Vitz, Ed; Schuman, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 856.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Heat Capacity |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics
|
Regarding Entropy Analysis Thomas H. Bindel
There is a problem with the symbol ?Suniv as it does not indicate whether the reactive system is in standard state or not.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 839.
Thermodynamics
|
Regarding Entropy Analysis Robert M. Hanson
Presents a minor criticism I have regards ?Suniv not involving entropy effects of concentration and pressure.
Hanson, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 839.
Thermodynamics
|
Let's Drive "Driving Force" Out of Chemistry Norman C. Craig
"Driving force" is identified as a misleading concept in analyzing spontaneous change. Driving force wrongly suggests that Newtonian mechanics and determinism control and explain spontaneous processes. The usefulness of the competition of ?H versus ?S in discussing chemical change is also questioned. Entropy analyseswhich consider the contributions to the total change in entropyare advocated.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 827.
Natural Products |
Bioenergetics |
Biophysical Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Teaching pH Measurements with a Student-Assembled Combination Quinhydrone Electrode Fritz Scholz, Tim Steinhardt, Heike Kahlert, Jens R. Pörksen, and Jürgen Behnert
A combination pH electrode that can be assembled by the student is described. It consists of a glass holder and two sensors in the form of rubber stoppers that contain quinhydrone and graphite. The combination electrode is suitable to teach potentiometric measurements, pH measurements, and the interplay of acidbase and redox equilibria. The electrode meets highest safety standards and overcomes the troubles associated with the use of the conventional quinhydrone electrode.
Scholz, Fritz; Steinhardt, Tim; Kahlert, Heike; Pörksen, Jens R.; Behnert, Jürgen. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 782.
Acids / Bases |
pH |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
Procedure for Decomposing a Redox Reaction into Half-Reactions Ilie Fishtik and Ladislav H. Berka
The principle of stoichiometric uniqueness provides a simple algorithm to check whether a simple redox reaction may be uniquely decomposed into half-reactions in a single way. For complex redox reactions the approach permits a complete enumeration of a finite and unique number of ways a redox reaction may be decomposed into half-reactions. Several examples are given.
Fishtik, Ilie; Berka, Ladislav H. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 553.
Stoichiometry |
Equilibrium |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics
|
A Pedagogical Simulation of Maxwell's Demon Paradox D. López and C. Criado
Teaching thermodynamics from the microscopic point of view can help students develop an intuitive understanding of its concepts. This program simulates, at the microscopic level, two gas chambers with an opening between them. The program allows students or their instructors to set up simulations that illustrate the thermodynamics and statistical behavior of the system. The user determines the basis for whether the demon permits or denies passage of particles through the opening using information from the microscopic level, such as specific particle velocity. Students can track and analyze how this affects particle distribution, thermal equilibrium, relaxation time, diffusion, and distribution of particle velocities.
López, D.; Criado, C. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1679.
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
|
Using Organic Light-Emitting Electrochemical Thin-Film Devices To Teach Materials Science Hannah Sevian, Sean Müller, Hartmut Rudmann, and Michael F. Rubner
Light-emitting thin films provide an excellent opportunity to learn about principles of electrochemistry, spectroscopy, microscopic structure of the solid state, basic circuits, and engineering design. There is currently strong interest in academic and industrial engineering research centering on developing organic light-emitting devices for applications in flat panel displays. In this educational module, designed for high school or introductory undergraduate courses, students learn how to make a ruthenium-based thin-film device. In the process, they learn about the solid-state electrochemistry at work in the film, as well as the electroluminescence that results when current passes through the device.
Sevian, Hannah; Müller, Sean; Rudmann, Hartmut; Rubner, Michael F. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1620.
Electrochemistry |
Photochemistry |
Materials Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Solid State Chemistry
|
Teaching Entropy Analysis in the First-Year High School Course and Beyond Thomas H. Bindel
A 16-day teaching unit is presented that develops chemical thermodynamics at the introductory high school level and beyond from exclusively an entropy viewpoint referred to as entropy analysis. Many concepts are presented, such as: entropy, spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, qualitative and quantitative entropy analysis, extent of reaction, thermodynamic equilibrium, coupled equilibria, and Gibbs free energy. Entropy is presented in a nontraditional way, using energy dispersal.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1585.
Thermodynamics
|
Campbell's Rule for Estimating Entropy Changes Norman C. Craig
I am pleased that Campbells rule for estimating entropy changes in gas-consuming and gas-producing chemical reactions has attracted immediate interest.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1571.
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
Campbell's Rule for Estimating Entropy Changes William B. Jensen
In a recent article Norman Craig has proposed the rule-of-thumb that the approximate value of the entropy of reaction is related to the net moles of gas consumed or generated in the reaction .
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1570.
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
Playing Card Equilibrium Frank L. Lambert
From experience, I am hypersensitive to the misconceptions of students and instructors that can be caused when playing cards are used in teaching chemistry. The root of such errors lies in overlooking the non-mobile, non-energetically-interacting nature of pieces of cardboard. Only if they are being shuffled can cards serve as some sort of analogy to molecular behavior in chemistry.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1569.
Equilibrium |
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
|
A Small-Scale and Low-Cost Apparatus for the Electrolysis of Water Per-Odd Eggen and Lise Kvittingen
This article describes how to construct two simple, inexpensive, and illustrative apparatuses using disposable polyethene pipets and floral wire for electrolysis of water. These apparatuses suit various grades and curricula.
Eggen, Per-Odd; Kvittingen, Lise. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 1337.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Entropy and Constraint of Motion Frank L. Lambert
William Jensen's presentation of entropy increase as solely due to kinetic energy dispersion is stimulating.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 640.
Thermodynamics
|
Entropy and Constraint of Motion William B. Jensen
I would like to make several observations supplementing and supporting the article by Frank Lambert on entropy as energy dissipation, since this is an approach that I have also used for many years when teaching a qualitative version of the entropy concept to students of general and introductory inorganic chemistry.
Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 639.
Thermodynamics
|
The Effective Use of an Interactive Software Program To Reduce Students' Misconceptions about Batteries E.-M. Yang, T. J. Greenbowe, and T. Andre
In this study, college students enrolled in an introductory chemistry course were asked a series of open-ended questions about electrochemistry, flashlights, and batteries. Misconceptions were identified, analyzed, and used to develop and test an Interactive Software Program (ISP).
Yang, E.-M.; Greenbowe, T. J.; Andre, T. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 587.
Electrochemistry |
Learning Theories |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Student-Centered Learning
|
Isolation of Copper from a 5–Cent Coin. An Example of Electrorefining Steven G. Sogo
The United States 5cent coin, commonly known as a "nickel", is made of an alloy containing 75% copper and 25% nickel. The experiment is a visually appealing illustration of the process of electrorefining using selective reduction.
Sogo, Steven G. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 530.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
Using Science Fiction To Teach Thermodynamics: Vonnegut, Ice-nine, and Global Warming Charles A. Liberko
When covering the topic of thermodynamics at the introductory level, an example from Kurt Vonnegut, Jr's, fictional novel, Cat's Cradle, is used to take what the students have learned and apply it to a new situation.
Liberko, Charles A. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 509.
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Thermodynamics in Context: A Case Study of Contextualized Teaching for Undergraduates John Holman and Gwen Pilling
Thermodynamics is often considered to be a dry and theoretical area of undergraduate chemistry. To make it more accessible, a contextualized approach to first-year university thermodynamics has been developed, building on the experiences at the high school level of ChemCom in the United States and Salters Advanced Chemistry in the United Kingdom.
Holman, John; Pilling, Gwen. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 373.
Thermodynamics |
Learning Theories
|
Why Chemical Reactions Happen (James Keeler and Peter Wothers) John Krenos
By concentrating on a limited number of model reactions, this book presents chemistry as a cohesive whole by tying together the fundamentals of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and quantum chemistry, mainly through the use of molecular orbital interpretations.
Krenos, John. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 201.
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Quantum Chemistry |
MO Theory
|
Another Variation on the "Whoosh Bottle" Theme Dean J. Campbell
Additional safety considerations and a CO2 rocket car.
Campbell, Dean J. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 31.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Another Variation on the "Whoosh Bottle" Theme Edward G. Senkbeil
Description of a similar demonstration and additional safety considerations.
Senkbeil, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 31.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Another Variation on the "Whoosh Bottle" Theme Edward G. Senkbeil
Description of a similar demonstration and additional safety considerations.
Senkbeil, Edward G. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 31.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Photogalvanic Cells for Classroom Investigations: A Contribution for Ongoing Curriculum Modernization Claudia Bohrmann-Linde and Michael W. Tausch
Laboratory experiments examining the fundamental processes in the conversion of light into electrical energy using photogalvanic cells have been developed. These simple cells are suitable for classroom investigations examining the operating principles of photogalvanic cells and the influence of different parameters on their efficiency.
Bohrmann-Linde, Claudia; Tausch, Michael W. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1471.
Electrochemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Photochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Palm-Based Data Acquisition Solutions for the Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Susan Hudgins, Yu Qin, Eric Bakker, and Curtis Shannon
Handheld computers provide a compact and cost-effective means to log data in the undergraduate chemistry laboratory. Handheld computers have the ability to record multiple forms of data, be programmed for specific projects, and later have data transferred to a personal computer for manipulation and analysis.
Hudgins, Susan; Qin, Yu; Bakker, Eric; Shannon, Curtis. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1303.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Playing-Card Equilibrium Robert M. Hanson
A simple hands-on simulation suitable for either classroom use or laboratory investigation involves using a standard deck of playing cards to explore the statistical aspects of equilibrium. Concepts that can be easily demonstrated include fluctuation around a most probable distribution, Le Chtelier's principle, the equilibrium constant, prediction of the equilibrium constant based on probability, and the effect of sample size on equilibrium fluctuations.
Hanson, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1271.
Equilibrium |
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
|
Lithium Batteries: A Practical Application of Chemical Principles Richard S. Treptow
In recent years batteries have emerged in the marketplace that take advantage of the unique properties of lithium. Lithium metal is an attractive choice to serve as a battery anode because it is easily oxidized and it produces an exceptionally high amount of electrical charge per unit-weight.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 1015.
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Three Forms of Energy Sigthór Pétursson
Calculations comparing the energy involved in three forms: heat, mechanical energy, and expansion against pressure.
Pétursson, Sigthór . J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 776.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Nutrition |
Thermodynamics
|
pH Titration Simulator N. Papadopoulos and M. Limniou
Windows software that simulates a pH titration.
Papadopoulos, N.; Limniou, M. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 709.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Determination of Avogadro's Number by Improved Electroplating Carlos A. Seiglie
Electroplating procedure to accurately determine Avogadro's number or Faraday's constant.
Seiglie, Carlos A. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 668.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry
|
Simple Recipes for Prebiotic Soup: A High School or Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Marisol Martinez-Meeler, Nika Aljinovic, and Dorothy Swain
Replicating Stanley Miller's prebiotic soup experiment for introductory chemistry; includes experimental apparatus and analysis of the products.
Martinez-Meeler, Marisol; Aljinovic, Nika; Swain, Dorothy. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 665.
Amino Acids |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Chromatography |
Electrochemistry |
Proteins / Peptides |
Synthesis |
Applications of Chemistry
|
The Chemical Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Blackwater Escape Thomas G. Waddell and Thomas R. Rybolt
A chemical mystery involving electrochemistry and featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
Waddell, Thomas G.; Rybolt, Thomas R. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 401.
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Qualitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Incomplete Combustion with Candle Flames: A Guided-Inquiry Experiment in the First-Year Chemistry Lab Joseph MacNeil and Lisa Volaric
Investigating a burning candle as an introduction to incomplete combustion, thermodynamics, kinetics, and gas chromatography.
MacNeil, Joseph; Volaric, Lisa. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 302.
Chromatography |
Gases |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Gas Chromatography
|
Teaching Chemistry Using From the Earth to the Moon James G. Goll and Stacie L. Mundinger
Teaching chemistry using From the Earth to the Moon (an HBO original movie series).
Goll, James G.; Mundinger, Stacie L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 292.
Electrochemistry |
Chemometrics |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Applications of Chemistry
|
"Disorder" in Unstretched Rubber Bands? Warren Hirsch
Analysis of the thermodynamics of a stretched rubber band.
Hirsch, Warren. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 145.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Thermodynamics
|
"Disorder" in Unstretched Rubber Bands? Frank L. Lambert
Analysis of the thermodynamics of a stretched rubber band.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 145.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Thermodynamics
|
"Disorder" in Unstretched Rubber Bands? Frank L. Lambert
Analysis of the thermodynamics of a stretched rubber band.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 145.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Thermodynamics
|
Rubber Bands, Free Energy, and Le Châtelier's Principle Warren Hirsch
Using a rubber band to illustrate Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy.
Hirsch, Warren. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 200A.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium
|
Energy as Money, Chemical Bonding as Business, and Negative ΔH and ΔG as Investment Evguenii I. Kozliak
Analogy for explaining the sign (+ or -) of ?H, ?G, and ?S to introductory students.
Kozliak, Evguenii I. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1435.
Nonmajor Courses |
Thermodynamics
|
Entropy Is Simple, Qualitatively Frank L. Lambert
Explanation of entropy in terms of energy dispersal; includes considerations of fusion and vaporization, expanding gasses and mixing fluids, colligative properties, and the Gibbs function.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 1241.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Gases
|
A Structure–Activity Investigation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport. An Interdisciplinary Experiment for the First-Year Laboratory Kerry K. Karukstis, Gerald R. Van Hecke, Katherine A. Roth, and Matthew A. Burden
Investigation in which students measure the effect of several inhibitors (herbicides) on the electron transfer rate in chloroplasts and formulate a hypothesis between the inhibitor's activity and its structure as a means of using a physical technique to measure a chemical process in a biological system.
Karukstis, Kerry K.; Van Hecke, Gerald R.; Roth, Katherine A.; Burden, Matthew A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 985.
Biophysical Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Aromatic Compounds |
Plant Chemistry
|
Understanding of Elementary Concepts in Heat and Temperature among College Students and K–12 Teachers Paul G. Jasien and Graham E. Oberem
Report on a study of the understanding of elementary concepts related to heat and temperature (thermal equilibrium and energy transfer in the form of heat) in undergraduate and post-baccalaurate students as a function of their number of semesters of college-level physical science training.
Jasien, Paul G.; Oberem, Graham E. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 889.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium
|
Why Do Some Batteries Last Longer Than Others? Michael J. Smith and Colin A. Vincent
Comparing the energy content of the cathode material of different commercial batteries using a test cell.
Smith, Michael J.; Vincent, Colin A. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 851.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
A Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Orfeo Zerbinati
Materials and methods for construction of a direct methanol fuel cell.
Zerbinati, Orfeo. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 829.
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Conceptual Difficulties Experienced by Prospective Teachers in Electrochemistry: Half-Cell Potential, Cell Potential, and Chemical and Electrochemical Equilibrium in Galvanic Cells Ali Riza Özkaya
Study of prospective teachers' conceptual understanding of topics in electrochemistry.
Özkaya, Ali Riza. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 735.
Electrochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
H Is for Enthalpy, Thanks to Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and Alfred W. Porter Irmgard K. Howard
Origin of the word enthalpy.
Howard, Irmgard K. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 697.
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Redox Redux: Recommendations for Improving Textbook and IUPAC Definitions Ed Vitz
Defining oxidation / reduction reactions as those in which oxidation states of the reactant(s) change.
Vitz, Ed. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 397.
Electrochemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Oxidation State
|
The Electrolytic Recovery of Copper from Brass. A Laboratory Simulation of an Industrial Application of Electrical Energy Domenico Osella, Mauro Ravera, Cristina Soave, and Sonia Scorza
Procedure demonstrating the electrolytic purification of copper.
Osella, Domenico; Ravera, Mauro; Soave, Cristina; Scorza, Sonia. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 343.
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Metals
|
A Chemically Relevant Model for Teaching the Second Law of Thermodynamics Bryce E. Williamson and Tetsuo Morikawa
Presentation of a chemically relevant model that exemplifies many aspects of the second law: reversibility, path dependence, and extrapolation in terms of electrochemistry and calorimetry.
Williamson, Bryce E.; Morikawa, Tetsuo. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 339.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
The Lead-Acid Battery: Its Voltage in Theory and in Practice Richard S. Treptow
Lead-acid battery fundamentals, cell voltage and the Nernst equation, and an analysis of actual battery performance.
Treptow, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 334.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Acids / Bases |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Spontaneous Assembly of Soda Straws D. J. Campbell, E. R. Freidinger, J. M. Hastings, and M. K. Querns
Demonstrating spontaneous assembly using soda straws.
Campbell, D. J.; Freidinger, E. R.; Hastings, J. M.; Querns, M. K. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 201.
Materials Science |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Nanotechnology |
Surface Science |
Thermodynamics
|
Disorder--A Cracked Crutch for Supporting Entropy Discussions Frank L. Lambert
Arguments against using disorder as a means of introducing and teaching entropy.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 187.
Thermodynamics
|
Just Breathe: The Oxygen Content of Air JCE Editorial Staff
Students estimate the percent oxygen (volume) in air using steel wool in a test tube that is inverted in a beaker of water. Oxygen in the trapped air reacts with iron to form rust, and the water level rises inside the test tube; within 30-45 minutes, the majority of oxygen is consumed.
JCE Editorial Staff. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 512A.
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
On the Importance of Ideality Rubin Battino, Scott E. Wood, and Arthur G. Williamson
Analysis of the utility of ideality in gaseous phenomena, solutions, and the thermodynamic concept of reversibility.
Battino, Rubin; Wood, Scott E.; Williamson, Arthur G. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1364.
Thermodynamics |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Experiencing and Visualizing the First Law of Thermodynamics: An In-Class Workshop Pamela Mills, William V. Sweeney, and Waldemar Cieniewicz
A handheld device that illustrates the concepts of heat, work, energy transfer, and thermodynamic path.
Mills, Pamela; Sweeney, William V.; Cieniewicz, Waldemar. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1360.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing
|
A Simplified Method for Measuring the Entropy Change of Urea Dissolution. An Experiment for the Introductory Chemistry Lab Charles A. Liberko and Stephanie Terry
Guided inquiry to determine values for changes in enthalpy, Gibb's free energy, and entropy for the dissolution of urea in water.
Liberko, Charles A.; Terry, Stephanie. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1087.
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
The Isothermal Heat Conduction Calorimeter: A Versatile Instrument for Studying Processes in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology Lars Wadsö, Allan L. Smith, Hamid Shirazi, S. Rose Mulligan, and Thomas Hofelich
A simple but sensitive isothermal heat-conduction calorimeter and five experiments for students to illustrate its use (heat capacity of solids, acid-base titration, enthalpy of vaporization of solvents, cement hydration, and insect metabolism).
Wadsö, Lars; Smith, Allan L.; Shirazi, Hamid; Mulligan, S. Rose; Hofelich, Thomas. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1080.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Thermal Analysis |
Thermodynamics
|
Stories to Make Thermodynamics and Related Subjects More Palatable Lawrence S. Bartell
Collection of anecdotes regarding the history and human side of chemistry.
Bartell, Lawrence S. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1059.
Surface Science |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Melting Point, Density, and Reactivity of Metals Michael Laing
Using melting points and densities to the predict the relative reactivities of metals.
Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1054.
Descriptive Chemistry |
Metals |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Physical Properties |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Is Every Transparent Liquid Water? Muhamad Hugerat and Sobhi Basheer
Comparisons of the properties (polarity, electric conductivity, color change due to the presence of an acid-base indicator, and electrolysis) of three transparent and colorless liquids: water, glycerol, hexane, and ethanol.
Hugerat, Muhamad; Basheer, Sobhi. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1041.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Conductivity |
Electrophoresis
|
An Alcohol Rocket Car--A Variation on the "Whoosh Bottle" Theme Dean J. Campbell
Burning methanol in a wheeled milk jug.
Campbell, Dean J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 910.
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
A Simple Computer-Interfaced Calorimeter: Application to the Determination of the Heat of Formation of Magnesium Oxide Sze-Shun Wong, Natasha D. Popovich, and Shelley J. Coldiron
Design, construction, and laboratory instructional application of a simple computer-controlled, constant-pressure calorimeter.
Wong, Sze-Shun; Popovich, Natasha D.; Coldiron, Shelley J. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 798.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Thermodynamics |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Laboratory Experiments on Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 5: Indirect H2S Remediation J. G. Ibanez
Experiment to introduce students in general chemistry, environmental chemistry, or electrochemistry to the concept of indirect electrolysis, its application in environmental remediation schemes, the role of a mediator, and the application of redox chemistry concepts.
Ibanez, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 778.
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Structure and Content of Some Primary Batteries Michael J. Smith and Colin A. Vincent
An experiment that complements electrochemical characterization and allows students to explore the structure of commercial cells and calculate the anode and cathode capacities from the stoichiometry of the cell reaction.
Smith, Michael J.; Vincent, Colin A. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 519.
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Undergraduate Research |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Observations on Lemon Cells Jerry Goodisman
The lemon cell, consisting of pieces of two different metals stuck into a lemon or other fruit, is pictured in many general chemistry textbooks without being discussed; manuscript describes simple experiments, suitable for the general chemistry laboratory, which elucidate how this kind of cell works.
Goodisman, Jerry. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 516.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrical Deflection of Polar Liquid Streams: A Misunderstood Demonstration Maryam Ziaei-Moayyed, Edward Goodman, and Peter Williams
The electrical deflection of polar liquid streams, commonly used as a textbook illustration of the behavior of polar molecules, is shown to be due to the formation of electrically charged droplets in the polar liquid stream, induced by a nearby charged object, rather than any force exerted on molecular dipoles.
Ziaei-Moayyed, Maryam; Goodman, Edward; Williams, Peter. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1520.
Electrochemistry
|
Interpretation of Second Virial Coefficient Vivek Utgikar
Identifying the gel point of a polymer using a multimeter.
Utgikar, Vivek. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1409.
Kinetics |
Lasers |
Spectroscopy |
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
Thermodynamics of Water Superheated in the Microwave Oven B. H. Erné
Water is conveniently heated above its normal boiling point in a microwave oven in a glass microwave oven teapot. Water stops boiling soon after heating is interrupted, but subsequently added rough particles can still act as nucleation centers for a brief, spectacular burst of steam bubbles. The heat to make those steam bubbles obviously comes from the water itself, so that one can conclude that the boiling water was superheated, which is confirmed with a thermometer.
Erné, B. H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1309.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Liquids
|
Hell May Be Hotter Than Heaven After All (about J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 503) M. N. Berberan-Santos
Estimation of temperatures in heaven and hell based on biblical information.
Berberan-Santos, Mário N. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1278.
Nonmajor Courses |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Ernest Rutherford, Avogadro's Number, and Chemical Kinetics Revisited (about J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 998-1003) James E. Sturm
Estimation of temperatures in heaven and hell based on biblical information.
Sturm, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1278.
Nonmajor Courses |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Kinetics |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry
|
Potentiometric Determination of CO2 Concentration in the Gaseous Phase: Applications in Different Laboratory Activities Eduardo Cortón, Santiago Kocmur, Liliana Haim, and Lydia Galagovsky
The first lab comprises the calibration of a CO2 potentiometric detector with gas mixtures. The CO2 and CO2-free air required for the gaseous samples are produced in the lab by an inexpensive and simple apparatus. In the second lab, the CO2 potentiometric device is used to measure CO2 uptake and release during different metabolic processes.
Cortón, Eduardo; Kocmur, Santiago; Haim, Liliana; Galagovsky, Lydia. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1188.
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Quantitative Analysis |
Metabolism
|
A Visual Aid in Enthalpy Calculations Sebastian G. Canagaratna
This article discusses the use of enthalpy-temperature diagrams for reactants and products as a visual aid in the teaching of reaction-enthalpy calculations. By the use of such diagrams the division of the process into a part involving a chemical reaction without a temperature change and a part involving only a temperature change is made visually concrete.
Canagaratna, Sebastian G. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1178.
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Determination of Ksp, ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 for the Dissolution of Calcium Hydroxide in Water: A General Chemistry Experiment William B. Euler, Louis J. Kirschenbaum, and Ben Ruekberg
This exercise utilizes low-cost, relatively nonhazardous materials presenting few disposal problems. It reinforces the students' understanding of the interrelationship of solubility, Ksp, ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0.
Euler, William B.; Kirschenbaum, Louis J.; Ruekberg, Ben. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1039.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Understanding Electrochemical Thermodynamics through Entropy Analysis Thomas H. Bindel
This discovery-based activity involves entropy analysis of galvanic cells. The intent of the activity is for students to discover the fundamentals of electrochemical cells through a combination of entropy analysis, exploration, and guided discovery.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1031.
Electrochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
A Closer Look at Phase Diagrams for the General Chemistry Course Stephen A. Gramsch
The information provided by the high-pressure phase diagrams of some simple systems (carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen, and iron) can provide a useful extension to the traditional discussion of phase diagrams in the general chemistry course. At the same time, it can prepare students for a more illuminating presentation of the concept of equilibrium than is possible through the discussion of gas phase, acid-base, and solubility product equilibria alone.
Gramsch, Stephen A. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 718.
Equilibrium |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Geochemistry
|
Ionic Crystals: A Simple and Safe Lecture Demonstration of the Preparation of NaI from Its Elements Zelek S. Herman
A simple and safe classroom demonstration showing the production of sodium iodide (NaI) crystals from elemental sodium and elemental (molecular) iodine is presented. The demonstration, which is quite impressive, naturally fits into the discussion of ionic bonding and the alkali halide crystals.
Herman, Zelek S. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 619.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Thermodynamics |
Ionic Bonding |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Illustrating Thermodynamic Concepts Using a Hero's Engine Pedro L. Muiño and James R. Hodgson
A modified Hero's engine is used to illustrate concepts of thermodynamics and engineering design suitable for introductory chemistry courses and more advanced physical chemistry courses. This demonstration is suitable to illustrate concepts like gas expansion, gas cooling through expansion, conversion of heat to work, interconversion between kinetic energy and potential energy, and feedback mechanisms.
Muio, Pedro L.; Hodgson, James R. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 615.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Using a Teaching Model to Correct Known Misconceptions in Electrochemistry P. A. Huddle, Margaret Dawn White, and Fiona Rogers
A concrete teaching model for electrochemistry is presented here. It addresses many common student misconceptions about current flow by demonstrating what is occurring at the microscopic level in an electrochemical cell. Both the scope and limitations of the model are discussed.
Huddle, Penelope Ann; White, Margaret Dawn; Rogers, Fiona. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 104.
Electrochemistry |
Learning Theories
|
Determination of the Fundamental Electronic Charge via the Electrolysis of Water Brittany Hoffman, Elizabeth Mitchell, Petra Roulhac, Marc Thomes, and Vincent M. Stumpo
In an illuminating experiment suitable for secondary school students, a Hoffman electrolysis apparatus is employed to determine the fundamental electronic charge. The volume and pressure of hydrogen gas produced via the electrolysis of water during a given time interval are measured.
Hoffman, Brittany; Mitchell, Elizabeth; Roulhac, Petra; Thomes, Marc; Stumpo, Vincent M. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 95.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The Use of Extent of Reaction in Introductory Courses Sebastian G. Canagaratna
This article discusses the use of the extent of reaction as an alternative to the traditional approach to stoichiometry in first-year chemistry. The method focuses attention on the reaction as a whole rather than on pairs of reagents as in the traditional approach. The balanced equation is used as the unit of change.
Canagaratna, Sebastian G. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 52.
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Boerhaave on Fire Damon Diemente
This article offers a selection of passages from Boerhaave's chapter on fire. Boerhaave offers demonstrations and experiments that can be instructively performed today, quantitative data that can be checked against modern equations, and much theory and hypothesis that can be assessed in light of modern chemical ideas.
Diemente, Damon. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 42.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Using TOPEX Satellite El Niño Altimetry Data to Introduce Thermal Expansion and Heat Capacity Concepts in Chemistry Courses Harvey F. Blanck
Warm water is less dense than cool water and will float somewhat like ice, with a portion above the surface of the cooler surrounding water. The height of the bump can be used to estimate the excess thermal energy in the warmer water.
Blanck, Harvey F. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1635.
Liquids |
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
A Simple Experiment for Ion Migration Karl E. Bessler and Daniel de Oliveira Campos
A simple, versatile, and low-cost version of a qualitative ion migration experiment is presented, which needs a minimum amount of chemicals and can be performed by inexperienced students. In the experiment cations and anions (preferably colorless or faintly colored) migrate toward one another and on combination produce insoluble and strongly colored compounds.
Bessler, Karl E.; Campos, Daniel de O. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1516.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Qualitative Analysis |
Electrophoresis
|
Entropy, Disorder, and Freezing Brian B. Laird
It is argued that the usual view that entropy is a measure of "disorder" is problematic and that there exist systems at high density, for which packing considerations dominate, where a spatially ordered state has a higher entropy than a disordered one.
Laird, Brian B. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1388.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Statistical Mechanics
|
Shuffled Cards, Messy Desks, and Disorderly Dorm Rooms - Examples of Entropy Increase? Nonsense! Frank L. Lambert
Simply changing the location of everyday macro objects from an arrangement that we commonly judge as orderly to one that appears disorderly is a "zero change" in the thermodynamic entropy of the objects because the number of accessible energetic microstates in any of them has not been changed.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1385.
Nonmajor Courses |
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
|
Visualizing Entropy Joseph H. Lechner
This report describes two classroom activities that help students visualize the abstract concept of entropy and apply the second law of thermodynamics to real situations.
Lechner, Joseph H. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1382.
Statistical Mechanics |
Thermodynamics
|
Chemistry Comes Alive! Vol. 3: Abstract of Special Issue 23 on CD-ROM Jerrold J. Jacobsen and John W. Moore
Volume 3 contains several related topics generally included in an introductory chemistry course. The general areas are Enthalpy and Thermodynamics, Oxidation-Reduction, and Electrochemistry.
Jacobsen, Jerrold J.; Moore, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1311.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Lemon Cells Revisited Radhakrishnamurty, P.
Analysis of the reactions and nature of the electrodes in the lemon cell.
Radhakrishnamurty, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1190.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Evolution of the Celsius and Kelvin Temperature Scales and the State of the Art Julio Pellicer, M. Amparo Gilabert, and Ernesto Lopez-Baeza
A physical analysis is given of the evolution undergone by the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales, from their definition to the present day.
Pellicer, Julio; Gilabert, M. Amparo; Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 911.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics |
Learning Theories
|
An Analysis of College Chemistry Textbooks As Sources of Misconceptions and Errors in Electrochemistry Michael J. Sanger and Thomas J. Greenbowe
The oxidation-reduction and electrochemistry chapters of 10 introductory college chemistry textbooks were reviewed for misleading or erroneous statements, using a list of student misconceptions. As a result of this analysis, we provide suggestions for chemistry instructors and textbook authors.
Sanger, Michael J.; Greenbowe, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 853.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Learning Theories
|
The Ammonia Smoke Fountain: An Interesting Thermodynamic Adventure M. Dale Alexander
The ammonia smoke fountain demonstration utilizes a modification of the apparatus used in the standard ammonia fountain. The modification allows for the introduction of hydrogen chloride gas into a flask of ammonia rather than water. The flow rate of hydrogen chloride gas into the flask in the smoke fountain is not constant, but periodic; that is, the smoke puffs from the end of the tube. This unexpected behavior elicits an interesting thermodynamic explanation.
Alexander, M. Dale. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 210.
Acids / Bases |
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Precipitation / Solubility
|
Student Construction of a Gel-Filled Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode for Use in a Potentiometric Titration James M. Thomas
Instructions for the preparation of a Ag/AgCl "reference"-type electrode that uses a gel-type matrix are given. In addition, construction steps are provided for a very sturdy Pt-nichrome "inert" electrode, which can be used many times. Together, these two electrodes, along with a multivoltmeter, have been used successfully to determine the percent of iron in Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 and in Fe2O2 unknowns purchased commercially.
Thomas, James M. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 97.
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
The Nernst Equation: Determination of Equilibrium Constants for Complex Ions of Silver Martin L. Thompson and Laura J. Kateley
The experiment requires a voltmeter capable of recording millivolts (or a good pH meter) and inexpensive chemicals. It allows students to check the validity of the Nernst equation and compare their experimental Kform values to reported ones.
Thompson, Martin L.; Kateley, Laura J. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 95.
Equilibrium |
Coordination Compounds |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Developing and Using Conceptual Computer Animations for Chemistry Instruction K. A. Burke, Thomas J. Greenbowe, and Mark A. Windschitl
This paper discusses several issues surrounding the development and use of instructional conceptual computer animations.
Burke, K. A.; Greenbowe, Thomas J.; Windschitl, Mark A. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1658.
Electrochemistry |
Learning Theories
|
Chromatographic Separation Techniques for Undergraduates Darwin B. Dahl, John T. Riley, and Thomas K. Green
Over the past several years the Chemistry Department at Western Kentucky University (WKU) has sought to strengthen its undergraduate program departmental through acquisition of FT-NMR, fluorescence, electrochemical, thermal analysis, laser Raman, microscale organic, and polymer laboratory instrumentation; this has enabled the department to build a successful undergraduate program.
Dahl, Darwin B.; Riley, John T.; Green, Thomas K. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1209.
Separation Science |
Chromatography |
Fourier Transform Techniques |
NMR Spectroscopy |
Raman Spectroscopy |
Electrochemistry |
Photochemistry |
Thermal Analysis |
Microscale Lab
|
Automatic Titrators in the Analytical and Physical Chemistry Laboratories Kathryn R. Williams
In 1995 the University of Florida received an NSF-ILI grant to purchase six automatic titrators, which have now been successfully integrated into the analytical and physical chemistry teaching laboratories. After they have mastered fundamental techniques, students in the introductory analytical laboratory gain experience with automated analyses in three experiments: the iodimetric analysis of ascorbic acid, the determination of polymer molecular weight, and the analysis of chloride by ion selective electrode.
Williams, Kathryn R. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 1133.
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Vapor Pressure Lowering by Nonvolatile Solutes Gavin D. Peckham
This short article highlights a fundamental error that is entrenched in introductory chemistry textbooks. It is true that the addition of a nonvolatile solute causes a lowering in the vapor pressure of a solution. The error lies in attributing this vapor pressure lowering to the "blocking" of surface sites by nonvolatile particles. This is a totally fallacious argument for a number of reasons and the true explanation is to be found in the entropy changes that occur as a nonvolatile solute is added to a solution.
Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 787.
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics
|
Demonstrating Electron Transfer and Nanotechnology: A Natural Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Energy Converter Greg P. Smestad and Michael Gratzel
A unique solar cell fabrication procedure has been developed using natural anthocyanin dyes extracted from berries. It can be reproduced with a minimum amount of resources in order to provide an interdisciplinary approach for lower-division undergraduate students learning the basic principles of biological extraction, physical chemistry, and spectroscopy as well as environmental science and electron transfer.
Smestad, Greg P.; Grtzel, Michael. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 752.
Photochemistry |
Plant Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Dyes / Pigments |
Nanotechnology |
Separation Science |
Spectroscopy
|
Sugar Dehydration without Sulfuric Acid: No More Choking Fumes in the Classroom! Todd P. Silverstein and Yi Zhang
Our demonstration uses no sulfuric acid, yields relatively little smoke, and produces an exciting and unpredictable growing column of black carbon.
Silverstein, Todd P.; Zhang, Yi. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 748.
Carbohydrates |
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry |
Solid State Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Slide Projector Corrosion Cell Silvia Tejada, Estela Guevara, and Esperanza Olivares
The process of corrosion can be demonstrated in a slide projector, since the cell is in the shape of a slide, or on the stage of an overhead projector by setting up a simple galvanic cell. Corrosion occurs as the result of a galvanic cell reaction, in which the corroding metal acts as the anode. Several simple demonstrations relating to corrosion are described here.
Tejada, Silvia; Guevara, Estela; Olivares, Esperanza. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 747.
Electrochemistry |
Microscale Lab |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Thermodynamics and Spontaneity (the author replies) Ochs, Raymond S.
The term "spontaneous" is historical baggage.
Ochs, Raymond S. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 659.
Thermodynamics
|
Thermodynamics and Spontaneity Earl, Boyd L.
The term "spontaneous" is worth keeping in the chemistry lexicon.
Earl, Boyd L. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 658.
Thermodynamics
|
Letters to the Editor
The term "spontaneous" is worth keeping in the chemistry lexicon.
J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 658.
Thermodynamics
|
A Closer Look at the Addition of Equations and Reactions Damon Diemente
Chemists occasionally find it convenient or even necessary to express an overall reaction as the sum of two or more component reactions. A close examination, however, reveals that the resemblance between chemical algebraic equations is entirely superficial, and that the real meaning of addition in chemical equations is subtle and varies from case to case. In high-school courses, students are likely to encounter the addition of equations in thermochemistry, in electrochemistry, and in kinetics.
Diemente, Damon. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 319.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Stoichiometry |
Reactions
|
Lemon Cells Revisited - The Lemon-Powered Calculator Daniel J. Swartling and Charlotte Morgan
Using lemons to create a voltaic cell to run items that students would use in their everyday lives drives home that chemistry plays an integral role in their lives.
Swartling, Daniel J.; Morgan, Charlotte. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 181.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Demonstrating Heat Changes on the Overhead Projector with a Projecting Thermometer Chinhyu Hur, Sally Solomon, and Christy Wetzel
Heat changes can be observed by using a culture dish and a thermometer that is projected onto a screen using an overhead projector.
Hur, Chinhyu; Solomon, Sally; Wetzel, Christy. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 51.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
The Electromotive Series and Other Non-Absolute Scales Gavin D. Peckham
Stresses the reference-state approach for students learning the electromotive series and other non-absolute scales.
Peckham, Gavin D. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 49.
Electrochemistry
|
Heat Capacity, Body Temperature, and Hypothermia Doris R. Kimbrough
A finger in and out of water are compared to demonstrate the difference between heat capacities and their effect on body temperature.
Kimbrough, Doris R. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 48.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
ACS National Historic Chemical Landmark: Charles Martin Hall's Discovery of the Electrochemical Process for Aluminum Norman C. Craig
Oberlin College and the Cleveland Section of the American Chemical Society hosted a celebration in which Charles Martin Hall's discovery of the electrochemical process for extracting aluminum metal from the ore was designated as a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the ACS.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1269.
Electrochemistry
|
Constructing Chemical Concepts through a Study of Metals and Metal Ions: Guided Inquiry Experiments for General Chemistry Ram S. Lamba, Shiva Sharma, and Baird W. Lloyd
A set of inquiry-based experiments designed to help students develop an understanding of basic chemical concepts within the framework of studying the properties and reactivity of metals and metal ions.
Lamba, Ram S.; Sharma, Shiva; Lloyd, Baird W. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1095.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Stoichiometry
|
A Simple Laboratory Demonstration of Electrochromism Bertil Forslund
A laboratory exercise in which students are asked to construct an electrochromic cell, consisting of a thin, transparent layer of WO3 on a glass plate with a thin, transparent, and conducting surface coating of doped SnO2.
Forslund, Bertil. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 962.
Electrochemistry |
Materials Science |
Solid State Chemistry
|
Why Don't Things Go Wrong More Often? Activation Energies: Maxwell's Angels, Obstacles to Murphy's Law Frank L. Lambert
The micro-complexity of fracturing utilitarian or beautiful objects prevents assigning a characteristic activation energy even to chemically identical artifacts. Nevertheless, a qualitative EACT SOLID can be developed. Its surmounting is correlated with the radical drop in human valuation of an object when it is broken.
Lambert, Frank L. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 947.
Kinetics |
Nonmajor Courses |
Thermodynamics
|
An Integrated-Circuit Temperature Sensor for Calorimetry and Differential Temperature Measurement Mark Muyskens
Application of an integrated-circuit (IC) temperature sensor which is easy-to-use, inexpensive, rugged, easily computer-interfacable and has good precision is described. The design, based on the National Semiconductor LM35 IC chip, avoids some of the difficulties associated with conventional sensors (thermocouples, thermistors, and platinum resistance thermometers) and a previously described IC sensor.
Muyskens, Mark. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 850.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermal Analysis |
Thermodynamics |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Instrumental Methods
|
Students' Misconceptions in Electrochemistry Regarding Current Flow in Electrolyte Solutions and the Salt Bridge Michael J. Sanger and Thomas J. Greenbowe
Several researchers have documented students' misconceptions in electrochemistry. One reason for the interest in studying electrochemistry is that surveys of students and teachers suggest that students find this topic difficult and research confirms that students' beliefs about problem complexity affect their performance and learning.
Sanger, Michael J.; Greenbowe, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 819.
Learning Theories |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
A Low-Cost and High-Performance Conductivity Meter Rogerio T. da Rocha, Ivano G. R. Gutz, and Claudimir L. do Lago
A two-electrode conductivimeter is described, which keep good performance in spite of its low cost.
da Rocha, Rogerio T. ; Gutz, Ivano G.R. ; do Lago, Claudimir L. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 572.
Instrumental Methods |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
The Thermodynamics of Drunk Driving Robert Q. Thompson
Biological, chemical, and instrumental variables are described along with their contributions to the overall uncertainty in the value of BrAC/BAC.
Thompson, Robert Q. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 532.
Thermodynamics |
Nonmajor Courses |
Forensic Chemistry |
Drugs / Pharmaceuticals |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Synthesis and Characterization of a Conduction Polymer: An Electrochemical Experiment for General Chemistry Roger K. Bunting, Karsten Swarat, DaJing Yan, Duane Finello
The electrochemical synthesis of a free-standing film of polypyrrole, using commonly available equipment and materials, is described at a level suitable to application in a general chemistry laboratory. Also described are methods to quantitatively assess the doping level and to characterize the polymer film in terms of its conductivity as a function of temperature.
Bunting, Roger K.; Swarat, Karsten; Yan, DaJing; Finello, Duane. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 421.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
|
Heat Flow vs. Cash Flow: A Banking Analogy Charles M. Wynn, Sr.
An analogy is drawn between the withdrawal of money from an automated teller machine (ATM) and an exothermic chemical reaction.
Wynn, Charles M. Sr. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 397.
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Elasticity to Measure Thermodynamic Properties Jonathan Mitschele
Repetition of original experiment.
Mitschele, Jonathan. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 368.
Thermodynamics
|
A Brief History of Thermodynamics Notation Rubin Battino, Laurence E. Strong, Scott E. Wood
This paper gives a brief history of thermodynamic notation for the energy, E, enthalpy, H, entropy, S, Gibbs energy, G, Helmholtz energy, A, work, W, heat, Q, pressure, P, volume, V, and temperature, T. In particular, the paper answers the question, "Where did the symbol S for entropy come from?"
Battino, Rubin; Strong Laurence E.; Wood, Scott E. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 304.
Thermodynamics
|
In Defense of Thermodynamics - An Animate Analogy Sture Nordholm
In order to illustrate the deepest roots of thermodynamics and its great power and generality, it is applied by way of analogy to human behavior from an economic point of view.
Nordholm, Sture. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 273.
Thermodynamics
|
Chemical Equilibrium (the author replies) Banerjee, Anil
Item 7 deserves a fuller answer than was provided.
Banerjee, Anil J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A262.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Chemical Equilibrium Logan, S. R.
Item 7 deserves a fuller answer than was provided.
Logan, S. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A261.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Small Scale Electrolytic Cells Anderson, Guy E.
A method is given for a quantitative electrolysis experiment that does not require specialized equipment.
Anderson, Guy E. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, A172.
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Microscale Lab |
Quantitative Analysis |
Electrochemistry
|
Electrode Processes and Aspects Relating to Cell EMF, Current, and Cell Components in Operating Electrochemical Cells: Precollege and College Student Interpretation N. A. Ogude and J. D. Bradleu
Four areas that present difficulty among high school pupils and tertiary level students in relation to the processes that take place in operating electrochemical cells were identified, including conduction in the electrolyte, electrical neutrality, electrode processes and terminology, and aspects relating to cell emf, current, and cell components. A 20-item questionnaire was designed to determine how widespread misconceptions in these areas were.
Ogude, N. A.; Bradley, J. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1145.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
The Chemical and Educational Appeal of the Orange Juice Clock Paul B. Kelter, James D. Carr, Tanya Johnson, and Carlos Mauricio Castro-Acuña
The Orange Juice Clock, in which a galvanic cell is made from the combination of a magnesium strip, a copper strip, and juice in a beaker, has been a popular classroom, conference, and workshop demonstration for nearly 10 years. The discussion that follows considers the recent history, chemistry, and educational uses of the demonstration.
Kelter, Paul B.; Carr, James D.; Johnson, Tanya; Castro-Acuña, Carlos Mauricio. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1123.
Electrochemistry
|
Concept Maps in Chemistry Education Alberto Regis, Pier Giorgio Albertazzi, Ezio Roletto
This article presents and illustrates a proposed application of concept maps in chemistry teaching in high schools. Three examples of the use of concept maps in chemistry teaching are reported and discussed with reference to: atomic structure, oxidation-reduction and thermodynamics.
Regis, Alberto; Albertazzi, Pier Giorgio; Roletto, Ezio. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 1084.
Learning Theories |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics
|
A Simple Method for Determining the Temperature Coefficient of Voltaic Cell Voltage Alfred E. Saieed, Keith M. Davies
This article describes a relatively simple method for preparing voltaic cells, and through their temperature coefficient, ?E/?T, it explores relationships between ?G, ?H,and ?S for the cell reactions involved.
Saieed, Alfred E.; Davies, Keith M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 959.
Electrochemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Thermodynamics and Spontaneity Raymond S. Ochs
Despite the importance of thermodynamics as the foundation of chemistry, most students emerge from introductory courses with only a dim understanding of this subject.
Ochs, Raymond S. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 952.
Thermodynamics |
Learning Theories |
Equilibrium
|
The Comparative Performance of Batteries: The Lead-Acid and the Aluminum-Air Cells Xavier LeRoux, Gerry A. Ottewill, and Frank C. Walsh
An experimental program designed to convey, to students aged 16 through undergraduate, the principles of battery electrochemistry through a comparative study of two different systems, the lead acid cell and aluminum air cell, is described.
LeRoux, Xavier; Ottewill, Gerry A.; Walsh, Frank C. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 811.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Using Physics Principles in the Teaching of Chemistry Warren Gulden
Chemistry and physics may be separate subjects, but that should not prohibit the use of physics in a chemistry course. When this is done, students can use traditional physics principles or laws for the purpose of understanding chemistry better.
Gulden, Warren. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 771.
Ionic Bonding |
Physical Properties |
Electrochemistry |
Hydrogen Bonding
|
Interactive Computer Visualization in the Introductory Chemistry Curriculum Victoria M. Bragin
This project explores the use of technological innovations to facilitate learning in introductory chemistry courses by those with a poor academic background, while also challenging those prepared to master the curriculum.
Bragin, Victoria M. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 747.
Gases |
Rate Law |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Electrochemistry
|
SIRS: Simulations and Interactive Resources, III Martin, John S.
Simulations and Interactive Resources (SIRs) are designed to support interactive lectures in introductory chemistry. This third issue of SIRs includes five new SIRs as well as updated and final versions of all previously published SIRs.
Martin, John S. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 722.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Equilibrium |
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry |
Kinetics
|
Constant-Current Coulometric Titration of Hydrochloric Acid James Swim, Edward Earps, Laura M. Reed, and David Paul
In this experiment we have combined the titration of a strong acid with a strong base and the electrolysis of water into one complete laboratory experience.
James Swim, Edward Earps, Laura M. Reed, and David Paul. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 679.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Acids / Bases |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An Approach to Reaction Thermodynamics through Enthalpies, Entropies, and Free Energies of Atomization James N. Spencer, Richard S. Moog, and Ronald J. Gillespie
An alternative to the conventional method of calculating enthalpies of reaction is presented, using enthalpies of atomization in place of enthalpies of formation. This allows the student to see directly that the reaction enthalpies are determined by the difference in bond strengths in the reactants and products.
James N. Spencer, Richard S. Moog, and Ronald J. Gillespie. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 631.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Reactions |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Stoichiometry
|
The Incredible "Glowing" Pickle and Onion and Potato and... Rubin Battino and Peter M. Weimer
There are many demonstrations about electrical conductivity that are illuminating, but the incredible glowing pickle is the most dramatic and eye-catching. In this paper we describe how to achieve the same effect with an onion, a potato, a head of cabbage, and a grapefruit, as well as a simple and safe device to hold these foods.
Weimer, Peter M.; Battino, Rubin. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 456.
Food Science |
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Which E^o Is It? The Story of a Student Discovery Ron C. Cooke and Grover C. Willis
A homework problem called for the computation of the E^o for the reaction 2Cu+ --> Cu+2 + Cu. Two students independently worked on this problem and calculated answers of +0.359 V and +0.181 V respectively, using E^o for the half reactions from a table in the book.
Cooke, Ron C.; Willis, Grover C. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 450.
Electrochemistry
|
Solubility and Thermodynamics: An Introductory Experiment Robert G. Silberman
This article describes a laboratory experiment suitable for high school or freshman chemistry students in which the solubility of potassium nitrate is determined at several different temperatures.
Silberman, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 426.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium
|
Work Done by a Chemical Reaction Henry Brouwer
The use of the "hot dog clock" has been the focus of discussions in a number of areas of electrochemistry. Included in these have been oxidation-reduction potentials, battery construction, salt bridges, electrolytes, and the concentration of ions in certain foods.
Brouwer, Henry. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 354.
Electrochemistry |
Food Science |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
A Novel Approach to Teaching Electrochemical Principles Paul Krause and Jerry Manion
To demonstrate that work may be done by a chemical reaction, a reaction producing a gas is carried out in a large, closed syringe. As the gas is generated, the syringe plunger is forced out.
Krause, Paul; Manion, Jerry. J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 354.
Reactions |
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
CAI for Chemistry Lesile Glasser, John D. Bradley, George Brink, and Pam van Zyl
These six programs provide an opportunity for interactive practice of general chemistry material.
Glasser, L.; Bradley, J. D.; Brink, G.; van Zyl, P. . J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 323.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Electrochemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table
|
Small-Scale Potentiometry and Silver One-Pot Reactions David W. Brooks, Dianne Epp, and Helen B. Brooks
Apparatus and method for construction and application of a silver reference electrode in silver one-pot reactions.
Brooks, David W.; Epp, Dianne; Brooks, Helen B. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, A162.
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Potentiometry |
Ion Selective Electrodes |
Microscale Lab
|
From Christmas Ornament to Glass Electrode Rogério T. da Rocha, Ivano G. R. Gutz, and Claudimir L. do Lago
Instructions and use of a homemade glass electrode for pH measurements/titrations.
Da Rocha, Rogerio T.; Gutz, Ivano G. R.; do Lago, Claudimir L. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1135.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Ion Selective Electrodes |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Laboratory Management |
pH
|
Photosynthesis: Why Does It Occur? J. J. MacDonald
Explanation of why photosynthesis occurs; stating that it is merely the reverse of respiration is misleading.
MacDonald, J. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1113.
Plant Chemistry |
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Photochemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
What Does It Mean?: Reflections on Concentration, Activity, and Electrode Potential Pietro Lanza
Explanation of electrode potential and the mechanism of the electrode process for determining concentration.
Lanza, Pietro. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1009.
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Ion Selective Electrodes |
Electrochemistry
|
Determination of Heats of Fusion: Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry for the AP Chemistry Course Susan M. Temme
Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in AP chemistry.
Temme, Susan M. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 916.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Physical Properties |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermal Analysis |
Thermodynamics
|
A New Low-Cost Apparatus for Electrolysis of Water Chieko Suzuki
Low-cost alternative to the Hofmann apparatus for the electrolysis of water.
Suzuki, Chieko. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 912.
Electrochemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Teaching Chemical Equilibrium and Thermodynamics in Undergraduate General Chemistry Classes Anil C. Banerjee
Discussion of the conceptual difficulties experienced by undergraduates when dealing with equilibrium and thermodynamics, along with teaching strategies for dealing with these difficulties.
Banerjee, Anil C. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 879.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Synthesis and Decomposition of Zinc Iodide: Model Reactions for Investigating Chemical Change in the Introductory Laboratory Stephen DeMeo
Procedure for synthesizing and then decomposing zinc iodide in introductory chemistry that offers advantages over traditional synthesis/decomposition species (e.g. copper sulfide and magnesium oxide).
DeMeo, Stephen. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 836.
Synthesis |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions
|
Osmotic Pressure and Electrochemical Potential--A Parallel Rainer Bausch
Comparison of osmotic pressure and electrochemical potential.
Bausch, Rainer. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 713.
Electrochemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Membranes |
Transport Properties
|
Resistance Measurement as a Tool for Corrosion Studies Singh, N. P.; Gupta, S. C.; Sood, B. R.
Procedure for determining the rate of corrosion by measuring changes in the resistance of a thin wire or strip of metal; sample data and analysis included.
Singh, N. P.; Gupta, S. C.; Sood, B. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 465.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Rate Law |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry
|
The "Golden Penny" Demonstration: An Explanation of the Old Experiment and the Rational Design of the New and Simpler Demonstration. Szczepankiewicz, Steven H.; Bieron, Joseph F.; Kozik, Mariusz
An explanation and simpler/safer design for the classical "gold penny" demonstration.
Szczepankiewicz, Steven H.; Bieron, Joseph F.; Kozik, Mariusz J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 386.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Kinetics in Thermodynamic Clothing: Fun with Cooling Curves: A First-Year Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment Casadonte, Dominick J., Jr.
A series of experiments examining the phenomenon of cooling by producing part of the cooling curve for water at different initial temperatures, focussing on the fact that the curve is nonlinear (unlike the information presented in many texts).
Casadonte, Dominick J., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 346.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Kinetics
|
An Easily Constructed Salicylate-Ion-Selective Electrode for Use in the Instructional Laboratory Creager, Stephen E.; Lawrence, Kyle D.; Tibbets, Craig R.
Construction and use of a salicylate-ion-selective electrode; includes a calibration curve.
Creager, Stephen E.; Lawrence, Kyle D.; Tibbets, Craig R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 274.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Ion Selective Electrodes
|
REACT: Exploring Practical Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Calculations Ramette, Richard W.
Description of REACT software to balance complicated equations; determine thermodynamic data for all reactants and products; calculate changes in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy for a reaction; and find equilibrium conditions for the a reaction.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 240.
Stoichiometry |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
Use of Electrochemical Concentration Cells to Demonstrate the Dimeric Nature of Mercury(I) in Aqueous Media Bhattacharya, Deepta; Peters, Dennis G.
Experimental procedure for demonstrating that divalent mercury is monovalent in aqueous solution; includes data and analysis.
Bhattacharya, Deepta; Peters, Dennis G. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 64.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Augmenting a classical electrochemical demonstration Yochum, Susan M.; Luoma, John R.
Substituting magnesium for zinc in the copper/zinc electrochemical cell to enhance student understanding of electrochemistry; includes data and analysis.
Yochum, Susan M.; Luoma, John R. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 55.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Solution-Phase Thermodynamics: A "Spontaneity" Activity Bindel, Thomas H.
Experimental procedure for verifying the concept of spontaneity using solution chemistry; includes data and analysis.
Bindel, Thomas H. J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 34.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Periodic Trends for the Entropy of Elements Thoms, Travis
Graphical representation and explanation for periodic trends in the entropy of elements.
Thoms, Travis J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 16.
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Thermodynamics |
Main-Group Elements |
Transition Elements
|
An Electrochemistry Experiment: Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Different Electrodes Marin, D.; Medicuti, F.; Teijeiro, C.
This paper presents a simple laboratory experiment designed to acquaint the student with overvoltage in the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Marin, D.; Medicuti, F.; Teijeiro, C. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A277.
Electrochemistry |
Ion Selective Electrodes
|
Determination of Ionic Mobilities by Thin-Layer Electrodeposition Kuhn, Alexander; Argoul, Francoise
The authors describe a new method for the determination of ionic mobilities. An advantage of the measurement described is that it allows its demonstration within the framework of the student's practical training in ionic conductivity.
Kuhn, Alexander; Argoul, Francoise J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A273.
Electrochemistry |
Ion Selective Electrodes |
Metals
|
Salt Bridge Using Soil Moist Brooks, David W.; Brooks, Helen B.
Using Soil Moist in the stem of a plastic transfer pipet as an effective salt bridge for small scale electrochemical experiments.
Brooks, David W.; Brooks, Helen B. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, A62.
Microscale Lab |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
A Chemistree Murov, Steven
The electrocuted pickle demonstration has an new twist in which a Christmas tree was formed using fluorescing pickles.
Murov, Steven J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1082.
Electrochemistry
|
Probing Student Misconceptions in Thermodynamics with In-Class Writing Beall, Herbert
Examples of the use of in-class writing assignments in the teaching of thermodynamics in general chemistry are presented.
Beall, Herbert J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 1056.
Thermodynamics
|
Not So Late Night Chemistry with USD Koppang, Miles D.; Webb, Karl M.; Srinivasan, Rekha R.
Through the program, college students enhance their knowledge and expertise on a chemical topic and gain experience in scientific presentations. They also serve as role models to the high school students who can relate to college students more easily than the chemistry faculty members and their high school students.
Koppang, Miles D.; Webb, Karl M.; Srinivasan, Rekha R. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 929.
Forensic Chemistry |
Polymerization |
Electrochemistry |
Isotopes |
Acids / Bases
|
An Interactive Multimedia Software Program for Exploring Electrochemical Cells Greenbowe, Thomas J.
The "Electrochemical Workbench" is one component of a software package that allows students and faculty to explore building and testing electrochemical cells by simulating a chemistry laboratory in which students can perform experiments.
Greenbowe, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 555.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Rubber Elasticity: A Simple Method for Measurement of Thermodynamic Properties Byrne, John P.
A modified triple-beam balance that uses an optical lever to detect small changes in the length of a stretched rubber band.
Byrne, John P. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 531.
Thermodynamics |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Physical Properties
|
An Oscillating Reaction as a Demonstration of Principles Applied in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Weimer, Jeffrey J.
Platinum catalyzed decomposition of methanol.
Weimer, Jeffrey J. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 325.
Thermodynamics |
Catalysis |
Transport Properties |
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
Using the Biological Cell in Teaching Electrochemistry Merkel, Eva Gankiewicz
How electricity is produced in a simple cell is correlated with how commercial batteries work; this concept can then be related to how living cells send electrical impulses.
Merkel, Eva Gankiewicz J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 240.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Equilibrium
|
Classroom Demonstration of Fluid Flow as a Result of an Ionic Current in a Magnetic Field Ritchie, Ian M.; Power, Gregory P.
Using corroding zinc to observe fluid flow in the presence of a magnetic field.
Ritchie, Ian M.; Power, Gregory P. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 158.
Electrochemistry
|
Patriotic Electrolysis of Water DuPre, Donald B.
Producing reversible red, white and blue in a single Petri dish.
DuPre, Donald B. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 70.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Cryophori, Hot Molecules, and Frozen Nitrogen Hunter, Paul W. W.; Knoespel, Sheldon L.
Freezing water and nitrogen at low atmospheric pressure.
Hunter, Paul W. W.; Knoespel, Sheldon L. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 67.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Ionic Conduction and Electrical Neutrality in Operating Electrochemical Cells: Pre-College and College Student Interpretations Ogude, A. N.; Bradley, J. D.
Results of an investigation on pre-college and college student difficulties regarding the qualitative interpretation of the microscopic processes that take place in operating chemical cells.
Ogude, A. N.; Bradley, J. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 29.
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Photon-initiated hydrogen-chlorine reaction: A student experiment at the microscale level Egolf, Leanne M.; Keiser, Joseph T.
This lab offers a way to integrate the principles of thermodynamics and kinetics as well as other valuable instrumental methods.
Egolf, Leanne M.; Keiser, Joseph T. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, A208.
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Electrochemistry |
Free Radicals |
Microscale Lab |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics
|
An expanded silver ion equilibria demonstration: Including use of the Nernst equation and calculation of nine equilibrium constants Anderson, Robert Hunt
A modification of a demonstration that yields a quantitative measure of ions.
Anderson, Robert Hunt J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 940.
Electrochemistry |
Ion Exchange
|
A high school adventure Cullen, Schuyler; Pardini, Aaron; Vang, Yeng; Wasinger, Erik; Ball, Jenelle; Cooke, Ron; Willis, Grover
Prompted by their students discovery an error in a popular lab activity, these authors encourage readers of the Journal to think about the meaning and importance of inquiry in science education.
Cullen, Schuyler; Pardini, Aaron; Vang, Yeng; Wasinger, Erik; Ball, Jenelle; Cooke, Ron; Willis, Grover J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 823.
Electrochemistry
|
The electrician's multimeter in the chemistry teaching laboratory: Part 2: Potentiometry and conductimetry Sevilla, Fortunato, III; Alfonso, Rafael L.; Andres, Roberto T.
Further applications of the multimeter in chemistry laboratories are discussed in this paper: potentiometry, reduction potentials and cell EMF, the Nerst equations, pH measurements, titration, conductimetry, and conduction of solutions.
Sevilla, Fortunato, III; Alfonso, Rafael L.; Andres, Roberto T. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 580.
Acids / Bases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Potentiometry
|
Electronegativity and bond type: I. Tripartate separation Sproul, Gordon D.
As a unifying concept of bonding, electronegativity has been widely applied but gets only a limited treatment in most general chemistry texts.
Sproul, Gordon D. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 531.
Ionic Bonding |
Covalent Bonding |
Electrochemistry
|
The aluminum can as electrochemical energy source Lehman, Thomas A.; Renich, Paul; Schmidt, Norman E.
A high-current electrochemical cell made from aluminum cans and scraps of copper wire that illustrates important electrochemical principles.
Lehman, Thomas A.; Renich, Paul; Schmidt, Norman E. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 495.
Electrochemistry
|
Gallium beating heart Ealy, James L., Jr.
Oscillating gallium in a Petri dish offers an exciting demonstration.
Ealy, James L., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 491.
Electrochemistry |
Metals
|
Suggestions for truly evaluating texts Gordon, Glen E.
Suggestions for improvement in evaluating and publishing the analysis of textbooks in this Journal.
Gordon, Glen E. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 346.
Thermodynamics
|
Coloring titanium and related metals by electrochemical oxidation Gaul, Emily
Procedure for anodizing metals as a companion experiment to electroplating. The activity is very appealing to students in visual arts.
Gaul, Emily J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 176.
Metals |
Electrochemistry |
Nonmajor Courses
|
Heat and Work are Not "Forms of Energy" Peckham, Gavin D.; McNaught, Ian J.
Heat and work are processes by which the internal energy of a system is changed. The title reflects a common misconception used by students and instructors.
Peckham, Gavin D.; McNaught, Ian J. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 103.
Thermodynamics |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 4 (Shakhashiri, Bassam Z.) Kauffman, George B.
78 procedures grouped into two chapters, one on clock reactions, the other on electrochemistry, batteries, electrolytic cells, and plating.
Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, A187.
Reactions |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Intensive and extensive: Underused concepts Canagaratna, Sebastian G.
Methods for teaching intensive and extensive properties.
Canagaratna, Sebastian G. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 957.
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
|
Determining the thermal expansion coefficient of gases Lehmann, Jochen K.
The authors improved the design of the apparatus and extended the experimental task on a recently published experiment for determining the zero point of the absolute temperature scale.
Lehmann, Jochen K. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 943.
Thermodynamics |
Gases |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Fractal structures for the overhead projector Silverman, L. Phillip
One of the most interesting electrochemistry demonstrations is the production of dendritic silver fractals via electrodeposition onto water. The demonstration can be adapted easily for use on an overhead projector.
Silverman, L. Phillip J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 928.
Electrochemistry
|
Helping students to develop an hypothesis about electrochemistry: A demonstration with a lab report and supplemental worksheet VanderZee, Chester
Author shares a successful electrochemistry demonstration with calculations and assessment.
VanderZee, Chester J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 924.
Electrochemistry |
Metals
|
Putting some snap into work. Mitschele, Jonathan.
Suggestions for improving the instructional value of the demonstration presented.
Mitschele, Jonathan. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 687.
Thermodynamics
|
Electricity/electronic experiments for the chemistry laboratory. Braun, Robert D.
Experiments that permit students to observe the behavior of simple electrical circuits, including a DC constant current source, voltage divider, diodes, logic gates, flip-flops, and the seven-segment display.
Braun, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 671.
Electrochemistry |
Instrumental Methods
|
The thermodynamics of home-made ice cream. Gibbon, Donald L.; Kennedy, Keith; Reading, Nathan; Quieroz, Mardsen.
Using the production of ice cream to teach heat capacity, viscosity, and freezing-point reduction.
Gibbon, Donald L.; Kennedy, Keith; Reading, Nathan; Quieroz, Mardsen. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 658.
Thermodynamics |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
The anode and the sunrise. Mierzecki, Roman.
Etymology of the terms anode and cathode.
Mierzecki, Roman. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 657.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Gravimetric-gasometric determination of zinc on galvanized nails. Burgstahler, Albert W.
A simple acid-dissolution method for a combined gravimetric-gasometric determination of the amount of zinc coating galvanized nails through reaction with HCl.
Burgstahler, Albert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 575.
Gravimetric Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry |
Electrochemistry
|
Applications of Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution diagrams. Peckham, Gavin D.; McNaught, Ian J.
Although Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution diagrams are intuitively appealing, care must be taken to avoid several common errors and misconceptions.
Peckham, Gavin D.; McNaught, Ian J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 554.
Thermodynamics |
Rate Law |
Catalysis
|
Boiling and freezing simultaneously - with a feeble vacuum pump! Ellison, Mike
The author uses this demonstration of freezing and boiling at reduced pressure to reinforce concepts about energy effects in phase changes.
Ellison, Mike J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 325.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
The world's largest human salt bridge Silverman, L. Phillip; Bunn, Barbara B.
On a beautiful April afternoon, the 1500 students had fun and learned something about electrochemistry, and they helped set a world's record for the "Longest Human Salt Bridge".
Silverman, L. Phillip; Bunn, Barbara B. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 309.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
The use of equilibrium notation in listings of standard potentials. Donkersloot, Maarten C. A.
The difficulty in equilibrium notation of standard electrode potentials is due to the convention that half-reactions must be written as reductions if the given potential is to be called a (standard) electrode potential.
Donkersloot, Maarten C. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 256.
Equilibrium |
Electrochemistry
|
Cyclic indicator color change by titrant electrogeneration. Stock, John T.
A simple but striking demonstration of coulometric titration.
Stock, John T. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 253.
Electrochemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
A lemon-powered clock Letcher, Trevor M.; Sonemann, Aubrey W.
Because a watch or crystal-quartz clock use very small batteries they can be powered with a number of "homemade" power sources.
Letcher, Trevor M.; Sonemann, Aubrey W. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 157.
Electrochemistry |
Food Science
|
Microstate York, Richard
Microstate allows experimentation with a simulated crystal that is viewed as a set of loosely coupled harmonic oscillators.
York, Richard J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 130.
Crystals / Crystallography |
Thermodynamics
|
The conversion of chemical energy: Part 1. Technological examples Wink, Donald J.
When a chemical reaction occurs, the energy of the chemical species may change and energy can be released or absorbed from the surroundings. This can involve the exchange of chemical energy with another kind of energy or with another chemical system.
Wink, Donald J. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 108.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry |
Photosynthesis
|
Electrochemical measurements in general chemistry lab using a student-constructed Ag-AgCl reference electrode Ahn, M. K.; Reuland, D. J.; Chadd, K. D.
This paper describes a simple method of making a reproducible and durable reference electrode for use by freshmen chemistry students.
Ahn, M. K.; Reuland, D. J.; Chadd, K. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 74.
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Studying odd-even effects and solubility behavior using alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids Burrows, Hugh D.
Odd-even effect provides a satisfying way of introducing students to a large area of chemistry that encompasses both classical thermodynamics and applied aspects.
Burrows, Hugh D. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 69.
Precipitation / Solubility |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics
|
Small-scale thermochemistry experiment Brouwer, Henry
An inexpensive calorimeter that uses approximately 1/10 of the reagents required for the foam coffee cup.
Brouwer, Henry J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, A178.
Heat Capacity |
Thermodynamics |
Microscale Lab
|
The reusable heat pack McAfee, Lyle V.; Jumper, Charles F.
A commercial product that can be used to demonstrate thermodynamic principles.
McAfee, Lyle V.; Jumper, Charles F. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 780.
Thermodynamics
|
The Voltaic pile: A stimulating general chemistry experiment Scharlin, Pirketta; Battino, Rubin
An inexpensive, simple, and fun way to illustrate many of the principles in electrochemistry.
Scharlin, Pirketta; Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 665.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
A low-cost, portable, and safe apparatus for lecture hall conductivity demonstration Mercer, Gary D.
This article describes an easily constructed apparatus for the measurement of conductivity that overcomes current restrictions and avoids bare wires.
Mercer, Gary D. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 619.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
|
Recovery of silver from and some uses for waste silver chloride Murphy, J. A.; Ackerman, A. H.; Heeren, J. K.
Procedures for conversion to silver nitrate, using waste AgCl as an oxidizing agent, and electrodepositon experiments.
Murphy, J. A.; Ackerman, A. H.; Heeren, J. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 602.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
A call for simplification Schomaker, Verner; Waser, Jurg
Does "An Instructive Gibbs-Function Problem" unnecessarily confuse even the most capable students? An exchange of letters.
Schomaker, Verner; Waser, Jurg J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 443.
Thermodynamics
|
A call for simplification Peterson, Donald
Does "An Instructive Gibbs-Function Problem" unnecessarily confuse even the most capable students? An exchange of letters.
Peterson, Donald J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 443.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions
|
Teaching photometry with overhead projector experiments Gutz, Ivano G. R.; Angnes, Lucio; Pedrotti, Jairo J.
Description of a photometry demonstration with an overhead projector.
Gutz, Ivano G. R.; Angnes, Lucio; Pedrotti, Jairo J. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 325.
Potentiometry |
Acids / Bases |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
The temperature and pressure dependence of the equilibrium properties of a system: Introducing thermodynamics in the classroom Solomon, Theodros
Introducing thermodynamics in the classroom in a manner that allows students to gain hints at the methods or approaches to be adopted.
Solomon, Theodros J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 294.
Thermodynamics
|
Half cell reactions: Do students ever see them? Ciparick, Joseph D.
This demonstration shows more clearly that there are two real half reactions.
Ciparick, Joseph D. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 247.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Chemical equilibrium: I. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant Gordus, Adon A.
This is the first article in a series of eight that investigates the various assumptions that result in the simplified equilibrium equations found in most introductory texts. In this first article, the author considers the general nature of the constant K, Le Chatelier's principle, and the effect of the temperature on K.
Gordus, Adon A. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 138.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium
|
Reactivity of nickel Birk, James P.; Ronan, Martha; Bennett, Imogene; Kinney, Cheri
A series of experiments which lead to observations about the reactivity of nickel. [Debut]
Birk, James P.; Ronan, Martha; Bennett, Imogene; Kinney, Cheri J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 48.
Reactions |
Quantitative Analysis |
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation State |
Electrochemistry
|
Thermodynamic irreversibility Hollinger, Henry B.; Zenzen, Michael J.
Concepts of "reversible" and "irreversible" start out seeming simple enough, but students often become confused. This article tackles areas of confusion in hopes of providing clarity.
Hollinger, Henry B.; Zenzen, Michael J. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 31.
Kinetics |
Thermodynamics
|
A simple demonstration of ion migration Little, John G.
The migration of copper(II) and chromate ions is illustrated using a simple apparatus.
Little, John G. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 1063.
Electrochemistry
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (6) Martin-Sanchez, M.; Martin-Sanchez, MaT
The solution may be to use the etymological meaning of anode and cathode.
Martin-Sanchez, M.; Martin-Sanchez, MaT J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 992.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (5) Sweeting, Linda M.
The chemical potential of the electrons, not their "richness" determines direction of flow.
Sweeting, Linda M. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 992.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (4) Fochi, Giovanni
It is sufficient to show what part of the circuit is the electric generator.
Fochi, Giovanni J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 992.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (3) Woolf, A. A.
There are no shortcuts in teaching the electrochemistry of galvanic cells; the process in each cell must be treated holistically.
Woolf, A. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 992.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (2) Castellan, Gilbert W.
The difficulty is not so much confusion over conventions as the actual wrong use of terminology.
Castellan, Gilbert W. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 991.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemical conventions: Responses to a provocative opinion (1) Freeman, Robert D.
There is no convincing evidence of confusion regarding electrochemical conventions and the author's proposed solutions are unacceptable.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 990.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Membrane material for a galvanic cell Eggleton, Gordon L; Williamson, John J.; Johnson, Donna K.
The tubes for each electrode are prepared from a disposable polystyrene serological pipet.
Eggleton, Gordon L; Williamson, John J.; Johnson, Donna K. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 527.
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Electrochemistry
|
Experiments with "Calo-pH Meter" Paris, Michel R.; Aymes, Daniel J.
Paris, Michel R.; Aymes, Daniel J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 510.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Development of a new design for multipurpose meter: "Calo-pH Meter" Paris, Michel R.; Aymes, Daniel J.; Poupon, Rene; Gavasso, Roland
The purpose of this article is to describe the design of a common box that can be turned into a simple voltmeter, a pH meter, or a calorimeter.
Paris, Michel R.; Aymes, Daniel J.; Poupon, Rene; Gavasso, Roland J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 507.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry |
pH |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Redox reactions and the electropotential axis Vella, Alfred J.
An introductory discussion should not get bogged down with the problems of representing cells by standard cell diagrams and notations and instead should concentrate on the chemistry of galvanic cells and the use of these cells in describing the concepts of redox chemistry.
Vella, Alfred J. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 479.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Electrochemistry
|
Wet labs, computers, and spreadsheets Durham, Bill
The following is a description of some commonly encountered experiments that have been modified for computerized data acquisition.
Durham, Bill J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 416.
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Kinetics |
Electrochemistry
|
An effective approach to teaching electrochemistry Birss, Viola I.; Truax, D. Rodney
By interweaving concepts from thermodynamics and chemical kinetics with those of electrochemical measurement, the authors provide students with an enriched appreciation of the utility of ideas from kinetics and thermodynamics.
Birss, Viola I.; Truax, D. Rodney J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 403.
Electrochemistry |
Kinetics |
Thermodynamics
|
Construction and evaluation of an inexpensive reference electrode with internal electrolyte in agar matrix Victoria, Leandro; Ortega, M. Gloria; Ibanez, Jose A.
In this paper the authors show how to construct a reference electrode of Ag/AgCl with an internal electrolyte in agar matrix.
Victoria, Leandro; Ortega, M. Gloria; Ibanez, Jose A. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 179.
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
The construction and use of commercial voltaic cell displays in freshman chemistry Shearer, Edmund C.
This contribution reports two displays in electrochemistry which serve to increase student interest, show a practical application, and illustrate how chemistry and technology work together.
Shearer, Edmund C. J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 158.
Electrochemistry
|
The human salt bridge Scharlin, Pirketta; Battino, Rubin
In this paper the authors describe a simple device designed for use on an overhead projector to illustrate the "human salt bridge".
Scharlin, Pirketta; Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 156.
Electrochemistry
|
Calculating entropy changes at different extents of reaction Brosnan, Tim
The Revised Nuffield Chemistry course uses a simple statistical approach to entropy a a unifying idea in its treatment of thermodynamics. It was for these students that the author developed this method of calculating entropy changes at different extents of reaction which are listed here.
Brosnan, Tim J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 48.
Thermodynamics
|
With Clausius from energy to entropy Baron, Maximo
Examination of entropy following the route taken by Clausius.
Baron, Maximo J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 1001.
Thermodynamics
|
Current efficiency in electrolysis Bricker, Clark E.
Demonstration apparatus that can be used to show the effect of various variables on the current efficiency for the deposition of copper.
Bricker, Clark E. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 954.
Electrochemistry
|
Alleviating the common confusion caused by polarity in electrochemistry Moran, P. J.; Gileadi, E.
The issue of polarity encountered in electrochemistry and relevant to a variety of electrochemical concepts often confuses students and is an unnecessary deterrent to the study of electrochemistry.
Moran, P. J.; Gileadi, E. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 912.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrochemistry of the zinc-silver oxide system. Part 2. Practical measurements of energy conversion using commercial miniature cells Smith, Michael J.; Vincent, Colin A.
Experiments in which "button cells" are discharged and charged under controlled conditions so that practical energy conversions and a number of other parameters may be studied.
Smith, Michael J.; Vincent, Colin A. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 683.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Confusion over electrochemical conventions: A proposed solution Al-Soudi, Helen
The present teaching of electrochemistry in U.S. texts leads to confusion.
Al-Soudi, Helen J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 630.
Electrochemistry
|
A versatile compact reference electrode Kusuda, Kousuke
Construction of a compact saturated calomel electrode.
Kusuda, Kousuke J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 531.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
Using a projecting voltmeter to introduce voltaic cells Solomon, Sally; Lee, Jeffrey; Schnable, Joseph; Wirtel, Anthony
Using a transparent "projecting" voltmeter and assembling a zinc versus copper cell one component at a time allows students to develop a more concrete notion of the nature of a voltaic cell and the potential it produces.
Solomon, Sally; Lee, Jeffrey; Schnable, Joseph; Wirtel, Anthony J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 510.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Transformation of old two-electrode polarographs into three-electrode systems Papadopoulos, N.; Linardis, P.
In this work a simple circuit is proposed that can transform a two-electrode polarograph into a three-electrode system.
Papadopoulos, N.; Linardis, P. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 419.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Chemical generation and visualization of hydrodynamic instability: An extremely simple demonstration of self-organization Bowers, Peter G.; Soltzberg, Leonard J.
The chemical convection system described here is the pattern formation seen when an acidic vapor comes into contact with the surface of an aqueous solution containing indicator.
Bowers, Peter G.; Soltzberg, Leonard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 210.
Thermodynamics |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases
|
A simple explanation of the salt water oscillator Noyes, Richard M.
Yoshikawa et al. have described a simple device that undergoes repeated oscillations and that can also illustrate some of the principles essential to the oscillators driven by chemical reactions.
Noyes, Richard M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 207.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium
|
Amusement with a salt-water oscillator Yoshikawa, Kenichi; Nakata, Satoshi; Yamanaka, Masahiro; Waki, Takeshi
Rhythmic oscillations of water flow are generated when a vertically oriented hypodermic syringe, with the plunger removed, is filled with salt water and partially submerged in a beaker of pure water.
Yoshikawa, Kenichi; Nakata, Satoshi; Yamanaka, Masahiro; Waki, Takeshi J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 205.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Some models of chemical oscillators Noyes, Richard M.
This review concentrates on models of chemical oscillations, which constitute the self-organization of a system in time without any accompanying organization in space.
Noyes, Richard M. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 190.
Thermodynamics
|
Self-organization in chemistry: The larger context Soltzberg, Leonard J.
The following three papers in this symposium will serve the reader as a good introduction to self-organization in chemical systems.
Soltzberg, Leonard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1989, 66, 187.
Thermodynamics
|
Electrolytic migration of ions Llorens-Molina, Juan A.
This demonstration uses a thin layer of gelatin in place of the usual filter paper so that the migration can be viewed using an overhead projector.
Llorens-Molina, Juan A. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1090.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Ion Exchange |
Electrochemistry |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
Two multipurpose thermochemical experiments for general chemistry Wentworth, R. A. D.
Two multipurpose thermochemical experiments are described in this paper.
Wentworth, R. A. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 1022.
Thermodynamics
|
Experimental work with tin(II) chloride in a high school Sanchez, Manuela Martin
The author describes a final-project performed by students that integrates concepts of hydrolysis, Le Chatelier's principle, and electrolysis. Students seek answers to questions such as: "What reactions were involved; why is an aqueous solution of SnCl2 acidic; how can elemental tin be recovered from the system?"
Sanchez, Manuela Martin J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 898.
Separation Science |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
The Australian Academy of Science School Chemistry Project: A new-generation secondary school chemistry course Bucat, R. B.; Cole, A. R. H.
The purpose of this paper is to summarize the philosophies behind the courses described in this paper and the consequent design decisions regarding the selection and sequence of the chemistry content.
Bucat, R. B.; Cole, A. R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 777.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Metabolism |
Thermodynamics
|
The interconversion of electrical and chemical energy: The electrolysis of water and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell Roffia, Sergio; Concialini, Vittorio; Paradisi, Carmen
Presentation of a simple apparatus that allows an instructor to perform the electrolysis of water and the back conversion of the products to water while overcoming some typical drawbacks encountered in this process.
Roffia, Sergio; Concialini, Vittorio; Paradisi, Carmen J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 725.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Soap bubbles and precipitate membranes: Two historical semipermeability experiments adapted for teaching purposes Nicolini, Nicoletta; Pentella, Antonio
These demonstrations are based on the historical experiments that established our understanding of semipermeability and osmosis.
Nicolini, Nicoletta; Pentella, Antonio J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 614.
Gases |
Surface Science |
Transport Properties |
Electrochemistry
|
Acid pickling with amines: an experiment in applied chemistry for high school or freshman chemistry Spears, Steven G.; Spears, Larry G.; Spears, Joycelyn C.
A brief description of the removal of corrosion products and millscale from the surface of ferrous metals by acid pickling.
Spears, Steven G.; Spears, Larry G.; Spears, Joycelyn C. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 457.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Amines / Ammonium Compounds |
Electrochemistry
|
Electrochemical cells using sodium silicate Rapp, Bernard, FSC
A procedure of assembly and execution of a demonstration of an electrochemical cell using sodium silicate.
Rapp, Bernard, FSC J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 358.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
The interconversion of electrical and chemical energy: The electrolysis of water and the hydrogen oxygen fuel cell Roffia, Sergio; Conciallini, Vittorio; Paradisi, Carmen
The authors discuss some common drawbacks to typical electrolysis demonstrations and present an apparatus that overcomes these drawbacks.
Roffia, Sergio; Conciallini, Vittorio; Paradisi, Carmen J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 272.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Stoichiometry |
Electrochemistry
|
The endothermic dissolution of ammonium nitrate Kauffman, George B.; Ferguson, Craig A.
A brief procedure for demonstrating the endothermic dissolution of ammonium nitrate.
Kauffman, George B.; Ferguson, Craig A. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 267.
Thermodynamics
|
A homemade lemon battery Worley, John D.; Fournier, James
A brief note about how two instructors worked on and built a successful lemon battery.
Worley, John D.; Fournier, James J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 158.
Electrochemistry
|
Thermodynamics should be built on energy-not on heat and work Barrow, Gordon M.
This author looks closely at the concepts of heat, work, energy, and the laws of thermodynamics to back up his title argument.
Barrow, Gordon M. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 122.
Thermodynamics
|
Principles of electronegativity Part I. General nature Sanderson, R. T.
The concept of electronegativity has been modified, expanded, and debated. The concept can be used to help students gain valuable insights and understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship between atomic structure and compound properties. This is the first in a series of articles that explores the important concept of electronegativity.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 112.
Electrochemistry |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Noncovalent Interactions |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Physical Properties |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
Preparation of a simple thermochromic solid Van Oort, Michiel J. M.
An easy, dramatic, and effective laboratory introduction to solid-solid phase transitions, thermochromism, and color changes associated with changes in ligand coordination suitable for undergraduate students in physical and general chemistry.
Van Oort, Michiel J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 84.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Coordination Compounds |
Metals |
Thermodynamics
|
Correct equilibrium constants for water (the authors reply) Starkey, Ronald; Norman, Jack; Hinitze, Mark
Water and hydronium ion Ka values are special cases.
Starkey, Ronald; Norman, Jack; Hinitze, Mark J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1068.
Equilibrium |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases |
Thermodynamics
|
Fractal structures obtained by electrodeposition of silver at an air-water interface Ligon, Woodfin V., Jr.
Growing dendritic crystals of silver
Ligon, Woodfin V., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1053.
Electrochemistry |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Electrochemistry demonstrations with an overhead projector Ward, Charles R.; Greenbowe, Thomas J.
A template designed to fit on the surface of an overhead projector and demonstrate electrochemical phenomena.
Ward, Charles R.; Greenbowe, Thomas J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 1021.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
More electrolysis experiments for the overhead projector Kolb, Kenneth E.
Electrolytic cell made up of two 9-V batteries and suggestions for the electrolysis of several different materials.
Kolb, Kenneth E. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 891.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Converting sunlight to mechanical energy: A polymer example of entropy Mathias, Lon J.
Demonstrating entropy using an elastomer and a virtual foolproof "light engine".
Mathias, Lon J. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 889.
Thermodynamics
|
Outmoded terminology: The normal hydrogen electrode Ramette, R. W.
As educators, we should not confuse the "normal hydrogen electrode" with the "standard hydrogen electrode".
Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 885.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
The entropy of dissolution of urea Pickering, Miles
This experiment combines colorimetric techniques, thermochemical techniques, some volumetric work, and actual measurements of entropy.
Pickering, Miles J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 723.
Thermodynamics
|
Safe and reliable electrode storage Williams, Howard P.
A container that prevents evaporation and keeps electrodes ready for use.
Williams, Howard P. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 556.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Electrochemistry |
Ion Selective Electrodes
|
Enthalpy and Hot Wheels: An analogy Bonneau, Marcia C.
Demonstrating the relationship between activation energy and the heat of a reaction using a "Hot Wheels" track and car to simulate a potential energy diagram.
Bonneau, Marcia C. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 486.
Kinetics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Thermodynamics of the rhodamine B lactone zwitterion equilibrium: An undergraduate laboratory experiment Hinckley, Daniel A.; Seybold, Paul G.
An experiment to derive thermodynamic values from a thermochromic equilibrium that uses a commercially available dye, attains equilibrium rapidly, and employs a simple, single-beam spectrophotometer.
Hinckley, Daniel A.; Seybold, Paul G. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 362.
Thermodynamics |
Dyes / Pigments |
Spectroscopy |
Equilibrium
|
Using NASA and the space program to help high school and college students learn chemistry. Part II. The current state of chemistry in the space program Kelter, Paul B.; Snyder, William E.; Buchar, Constance S.
Examples and classroom applications in the areas of spectroscopy, materials processing, and electrochemistry.
Kelter, Paul B.; Snyder, William E.; Buchar, Constance S. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 228.
Astrochemistry |
Spectroscopy |
Materials Science |
Electrochemistry |
Crystals / Crystallography
|
Demonstration of the pH changes during the electrolysis of water Habich, A.; Hausermann, H. R.
Demonstration of the pH changes around the anode and cathode during the electrolysis of water.
Habich, A.; Hausermann, H. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 171.
Electrochemistry |
pH
|
Thermodynamics and the bounce Carraher, Charles E., Jr.
Explaining the bouncing of a rubber ball using the laws of thermodynamics.
Carraher, Charles E., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 43.
Thermodynamics
|
Stretched elastomers: A case of decreasing length upon heating Clough, S. B.
Demonstrating and explaining the decrease in length of a heated rubber band.
Clough, S. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 42.
Thermodynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Fire walking, temperature, and heat DeLorenzo, Ronald
Student interest piques when chemistry concepts are applied to this popular "trick".
DeLorenzo, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 976.
Thermodynamics
|
A new road to reactions: Part III. Teaching the heat effect of reactions de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.
This series of work summarizes the authors' work on the concept of chemical reactions as a teaching and learning problem.
de Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 972.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Solutions / Solvents |
Acids / Bases
|
The electrolysis of water: An improved demonstration procedure Heideman, Stephen
The usual use of sulfuric acid as the electrolyte in the demonstration of the electrolysis of water does not allow students to observe the accompanying pH changes at the electrodes.
Heideman, Stephen J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 809.
Water / Water Chemistry |
pH |
Electrochemistry
|
Electrodeposition of nickel on copper Manjkow, Joseph; Levine, Dana
In the classroom, one can demonstrate electroplating by the simple, fast, inexpensive, and visually interesting reaction between nickel ions and copper metal.
Manjkow, Joseph; Levine, Dana J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 809.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
A useful balloon demonstration: Pressure difference behavior Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Schwarcz, Joseph A.
The authors contribute an interesting variant on the 'crushed can' experiment. [typo: first author's middle initial should be E.]
Fenster, Ariel E.; Harpp, David N.; Schwarcz, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 629.
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
Coulombic models in chemical bonding. II. Dipole moments of binary hydrides Sacks, Lawrence J.
A discussion of Coulumbic models and their aid in understanding chemical bonding.
Sacks, Lawrence J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 373.
Electrochemistry |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Covalent Bonding |
Noncovalent Interactions
|
Thermodynamics and reactions in the dry way Tykodi, Ralph J.
In dealing with reactions in the dry way, we can actually "see" in detail the workings of the thermodynamic machinery responsible for moving the reaction in the spontaneous direction. This note presents ideas at the general chemistry level.
Tykodi, Ralph J. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 107.
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Goals in teaching electrochemistry Maloy, J. T.
Important concepts regarding the subject of electrochemistry.
Maloy, J. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1018.
Electrochemistry
|
Electrochemistry Perkins, Ronald I.
Why electrochemistry is important.
Perkins, Ronald I. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 1018.
Electrochemistry
|
An individualized Nernst equation experiment Hambly, Gordon F.
Each student is assigned a target voltage for a copper / silver voltaic cell.
Hambly, Gordon F. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 875.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Quick conductivity cell Williams, Howard P.
A simple cell for indicating the relative conductivity of electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, and weak electrolytes.
Williams, Howard P. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 799.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Conversion of standard thermodynamic data to the new standard state pressure Freeman, Robert D.
Analyzes the changes that will be required to convert standard thermodynamic data from units of atmospheres to the bar.
Freeman, Robert D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 681.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Energy interconversions in photosynthesis Bering, Charles L.
Reviews the energetics of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Bering, Charles L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 659.
Photosynthesis |
Photochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Bioenergetics
|
Estimating the one electron reduction potential for vanadium (V) by chemical techniques: An experiment for general chemistry Wentworth, R. A. D.
Procedure requires no electrochemical equipment because the method depends solely upon observations of the spontaneity of the reactions of V(V) with a series of potential reducing agents and V(IV) with a series of potential oxidizing agents.
Wentworth, R. A. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 440.
Oxidation State |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
Electrochemical errors DeLorenzo, Ron
Ten examples of the unexpected consequences that have resulted from ignorance regarding electrochemistry.
DeLorenzo, Ron J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 424.
Electrochemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Derivation of the ideal gas law Levine, S.
Derivation of the ideal gas law from a thermodynamic influence.
Levine, S. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 399.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
Le Châtelier's principle, temperature effects, and entropy Campbell, J. Arthur
A useful extension of Le Chatelier's Principle to predict concentration, pressure, and temperature effects solely from the equation for the net reaction.
Campbell, J. Arthur J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 231.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Constant properties of systems: A rationale for the inclusion of thermodynamics in a high school chemistry course Schultz, Ethel L.
Using the zinc / copper system to illustrate how the thermodynamic functions can be introduced gradually and naturally into a course of study.
Schultz, Ethel L. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 228.
Thermodynamics
|
Should thermodynamics be X-rated? Bent, Henry A.
The benefits and detractions of teaching thermodynamics in high school and introductory college courses.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 228.
Thermodynamics
|
A gas kinetic explanation of simple thermodynamic processes Waite, Boyd A.
Proposes a simplified, semi-quantitative description of heat, work, and internal energy from the viewpoint of gas kinetic theory; both heat and work should not be considered as forms of energy but rather as different mechanisms by which internal energy is transferred from system to surroundings.
Waite, Boyd A. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 224.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Thermodynamics
|
Water electrolysis-A surprising experiment Kelsh, Dennis J.
Using aluminum wire for the cathode will produce "too much" hydrogen.
Kelsh, Dennis J. J. Chem. Educ. 1985, 62, 154.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Thermo in the general chemistry course (the author replies) Schaffrath, Robert E.
A conceptual approach to thermodynamics is appropriate for general chemistry.
Schaffrath, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 936.
Thermodynamics
|
Thermo in the general chemistry course Kimmell, Howard
A conceptual approach to thermodynamics is appropriate for general chemistry.
Kimmell, Howard J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 936.
Thermodynamics
|
An inexpensive, very high impedance digital voltmeter for selective electrodes Caceci, Marco S.
Design and construction of an instrument that exceeds in accuracy and input impedance most expensive commercial pH meters and potentiometers.
Caceci, Marco S. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 935.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry |
pH
|
Further reflections on heat Hornack, Frederick M.
Confusion regarding the nature of heat and thermodynamics.
Hornack, Frederick M. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 869.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Thermodynamic changes, kinetics, equilibrium, and LeChatelier's principle Hansen, Robert C.
A series of demonstrations in which water in beakers and the flow of water between beakers is used to represent the components of an exothermic chemical reaction and the flow and quantity of thermal energy involved in chemical changes.
Hansen, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 804.
Equilibrium |
Kinetics |
Thermodynamics
|
An easily constructed secondary battery Yamana, Shukichi; Murakami, Mitsuhiro
Constructing a very simple secondary battery from an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and other household materials
Yamana, Shukichi; Murakami, Mitsuhiro J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 713.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Photoelectrochemical solar cells McDevitt, John T.
An introduction to photoelectrochemical cells and topics pertaining to solar energy conversion.
McDevitt, John T. J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 217.
Photochemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Semiconductors |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Error in the minimum free energy curve Willis, Grover; Ball, David
Correction to the minimum free energy curve shown in some general chemistry texts.
Willis, Grover; Ball, David J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 173.
Thermodynamics
|
A demonstration to aid in differentiating the concepts of heat and temperature Stevens, George H.
An easy, effective, "real world" demonstration on the distinction between heat and temperature. From "Using 'Real World' Examples in the Teaching of Chemistry - A Symposium", 7th BCCE, Stillwater OK, 1982.
Stevens, George H. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 1035.
Thermodynamics
|
Metal-ligand complexes-a calculation challenge Ramette, R. W.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate one of the most important experimental methods for studying complex equilibria and to present synthetic data as a challenge to the many sophisticated calculation procedure that enjoy various degrees of loyalty around the world.
Ramette, R. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 946.
Equilibrium |
Metals |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Coordination Compounds
|
A bloody nose, the hairdresser's salon, flies in an elevator, and dancing couples: The use of analogies in teaching introductory chemistry Last, Arthur M.
The use of analogies can play an important role in assisting students in understanding some of the more difficult and/or abstract concepts in introductory chemistry. In addition, analogies can provide an amusing interlude during a lecture and can sometimes help a lecturer to interact with his students. The four analogies presented in this article represent some of the analogies students have found helpful and amusing in recent years.
Last, Arthur M. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 748.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Kinetics |
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics
|
THERMPRO - A thermodynamics program Joshi, Bhairav D.
44. Bits and pieces, 16. THERMPRO is an interactive screen-oriented computer program written in BASICA for an IBM-PC with a graphics capability. It represents a general method of calculating standard thermodynamic properties of chemical reactions from heat capacity data for reactants and products.
Joshi, Bhairav D. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 733.
Thermodynamics
|
A simple and dramatic demonstration of overvoltage Bradford, John L.; Davis, Alvie L.
This demonstration is easily visualized only for small groups, but can be displayed for a large audience by using an overhead projector.
Bradford, John L.; Davis, Alvie L. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 674.
Potentiometry |
Electrochemistry |
Metals
|
Convenient relations for the estimation of bond ionicity in A-B type compounds Barbe, Jacques
Calculating the electronegative differences between atoms does not always give an accurate prediction of bond strength.
Barbe, Jacques J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 640.
Noncovalent Interactions |
Metals |
Electrochemistry
|
A visual analogy for metallic deposition Hartwig, Dcio R.; Filho, Romeu C. Rocha
Metallic deposition stoichiometry problems are difficult for students to visualize. A clever visual tool is explained in this article.
Hartwig, Dcio R.; Filho, Romeu C. Rocha J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 591.
Metals |
Electrochemistry |
Stoichiometry
|
Le Châtelier's principle: the effect of temperature on the solubility of solids in liquids Brice, L. K.
The purpose of this article is to provide a rigorous but straightforward thermodynamic treatment of the temperature dependence of solubility of solids in liquids that is suitable for presentation at the undergraduate level. The present discussion may suggest how to approach the qualitative aspects of the subject for freshman.
Brice, L. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 387.
Thermodynamics |
Liquids |
Solids |
Chemometrics |
Equilibrium
|
Estimating energy outputs of fuels Baird, N. Colin
Which is the best fuel in terms of heat energy output: coal, natural gas, fuel oil, hydrogen, or alcohol? It is possible to obtain a semi quantitative estimate of the heat generated by combustion of a fuel from the balanced chemical equation alone.
Baird, N. Colin J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 356.
Reactions |
Green Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Alcohols |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Geochemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Quantitative Analysis
|
A convenient salt bridge for electrochemical experiments in the general chemistry laboratory Howell, B. A.; Cobb, V. S.; Haaksma, R. A.
These authors share some advice for a setting up a salt bridge.
Howell, B. A.; Cobb, V. S.; Haaksma, R. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 273.
Electrochemistry
|
Understanding electrochemistry: Some distinctive concepts Faulkner, Larry R.
This article addresses a few basic ideas about electrochemical systems that cause confusion among novice students. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Faulkner, Larry R. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 262.
Electrochemistry
|
Electrochemistry in the general chemistry curriculum Chambers, James Q.
Students in introductory chemistry courses at large universities do not develop sufficient understanding of electrochemical phenomenon. From State-of-the-Art Symposium: Electrochemistry, ACS meeting, Kansas City, 1982.
Chambers, James Q. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 259.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Solar energy experiment for beginning chemistry Davis, Clyde E.
This article introduces an experiment that incorporates chemical applications of solar energy into the curriculum.
Davis, Clyde E. J. Chem. Educ. 1983, 60, 158.
Thermodynamics |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Solar energy: Hydrogen and oxygen Farrell, John J.
Demonstrating the electrolysis of water with solar energy.
Farrell, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 925.
Electrochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Reduction potentials and hydrogen overvoltage: An overhead projector demonstration Ramette, Richard W.
Relates the scale of standard reduction potentials to the observed behavior of metals in their reactions with hydrogen ion to produce hydrogen gas.
Ramette, Richard W. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 866.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chemical energy: A learning package Cohen, Ita; Ben-Zvi, Ruth
Problems associated with the teaching of chemical energy and an instructional package designed to overcome those difficulties.
Cohen, Ita; Ben-Zvi, Ruth J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 656.
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Entropy and its relation to work Richardson, W. S.
The relationship of entropy to the disorder of a system can be explained using a deck of playing cards.
Richardson, W. S. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 649.
Thermodynamics
|
Demonstration of electrochemical cell properties by a simple, colorful oxidation-reduction experiment Hendricks, Lloyd J.; Williams, John T.
The color of a solution close to an electrode is changed from that of the bulk solution to either of two contrasting colors, depending on whether the electrode reaction is a reduction or oxidation.
Hendricks, Lloyd J.; Williams, John T. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 586.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Potential uses for broken or worn-out glass or combination electrodes Boring, Wayne C.; Winchell, Deborah L.
When a glass or combination electrode is no longer useful for pH measurements, it can be used in at least two ways.
Boring, Wayne C.; Winchell, Deborah L. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 425.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Laboratory Management |
Electrochemistry
|
Entropy and its role in introductory chemistry Bickford, Franklin R.
The concept of entropy as it applies to phase changes.
Bickford, Franklin R. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 317.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Solids |
Liquids |
Gases
|
Calculation of statistical thermodynamic properties Vicharelli, P. A.; Collins, C. B.
25. Bits and pieces, 9. A computer program for the calculation of specific heat, entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of polyatomic molecules.
Vicharelli, P. A.; Collins, C. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 131.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
Red cabbage and the electrolysis of water Skinner, James F.
The demonstration profiled here has proven effective in bringing together concepts from acid-base chemistry and electrochemistry.
Skinner, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 1017.
Electrochemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Acids / Bases
|
Red cabbage and the electrolysis of water Skinner, James F.
The demonstration profiled here has proven effective in bringing together concepts from acid-base chemistry and electrochemistry.
Skinner, James F. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 1017.
Electrochemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Acids / Bases
|
Weight-loss diets and the law of conservation of energy Hill, John W.
The law of conservation of mass is has real-life relevance to those who diet to lose weight.
Hill, John W. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 996.
Metabolism |
Thermodynamics
|
Entropy rules in my class too! White, Alvan D.
A simple analogy that will help students understand entropy.
White, Alvan D. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 645.
Thermodynamics
|
Be a millionaire - Get with the action! White, Alvan D.
When talking about the distribution of molecular velocities, we can use money as an analogy.
White, Alvan D. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 645.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics
|
Theory and practical use of an hydrogen electrode in aqueous-organic media Letellier, P.; Millot, F.; Baffier, N.; Combes, R.
These authors make a case for a greater use of hydrogen electrodes for acidity measurements in student laboratory courses.
Letellier, P.; Millot, F.; Baffier, N.; Combes, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 576.
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
An illustration of applied calorimetry - Dieting students Perkins, Robert R.
The author shares a question that catches student interest and exemplifies the theoretical concepts of calorimetry.
Perkins, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 548.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Pressure and the exploding beverage container Perkins, Robert R.
The question in this article is an extension of exploding pop bottles to illustrate the balancing of a chemical equation, enthalpy, stoichiometry, and vapor pressure calculations, and the use of the Ideal Gas Equation. The question is aimed at the first-year level student.
Perkins, Robert R. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 363.
Stoichiometry |
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
Entropy as a driving force Salzsieder, John C.
An inexpensive demonstration that requires virtually no setup time (and always works!) can be used to illustrate the driving force of entropy.
Salzsieder, John C. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 280.
Thermodynamics
|
Maxwell's demon Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 183.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Maxwell's demon Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 183.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Kinetics |
Rate Law
|
Synthesis and decomposition of ZnI2 Walker, Noojin
Illustrates direct combination, decomposition, the effect of a catalyst, recrystallization of sublimed I2, and electrolysis.
Walker, Noojin J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 738.
Synthesis |
Reactions |
Catalysis |
Electrochemistry
|
An approximate determination of Avogadro's constant Szll, Thomas; Dennis, David; Jouas, Jean-Pierre; Wong, Mabel
An experiment to determine a value for Avogadro's number by determining the relationship between the number of electrons flowing through an acidified solution of water and the number of moles of electrons which reduce hydrogen ions to produce hydrogen gas.
Szll, Thomas; Dennis, David; Jouas, Jean-Pierre; Wong, Mabel J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 735.
Stoichiometry |
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Stormy weather Taylor, Thomas E.
Question regarding the formation of rain clouds and the exothermic process of condensation.
Taylor, Thomas E. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 732.
Thermodynamics |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Electroforming: An improvised experiment on electroplating Gorodetsky, Malka; Singerman, Ammon
The difference between electroplating and electroforming, and an experiment in the latter.
Gorodetsky, Malka; Singerman, Ammon J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 514.
Electrochemistry |
Industrial Chemistry
|
Artifacts and the Electromotive Series Mickey, Charles D.
The chemistry of metals and its application to archeology.
Mickey, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 275.
Electrochemistry |
Metals |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metallurgy |
Reactions
|
Electrical energy from cells - A corridor demonstration Gilbert, George L.
A display that demonstrates the charge and discharge of a solar cell, fuel cell, and storage cell.
Gilbert, George L. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 216.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
The failed experiment as a teaching aid Frugoni, Juan A Coch; Figueira, Alvaro Rocha
Intentionally using faulty experiments to increase student interest and participation; and example of a failed experiment regarding Faraday's laws of electrolysis is offered.
Frugoni, Juan A Coch; Figueira, Alvaro Rocha J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 179.
Electrochemistry
|
A substitute for mercury electrode contacts Bradford, John L.
Substituting steel wool or copper turnings for mercury as electrode contacts.
Bradford, John L. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 159.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
Paradigms and paradoxes Campbell, J. A.
Examines the commonly held tenets "systems tend to a minimum potential energy," "the entropy of a shuffled deck of cards is greater than that of a new deck," and "energy is the ability to do work."
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 41.
Thermodynamics
|
A copper mirror: Electroless plating of copper Hill, John W.; Foss, Dennis L.; Scott, Lawrence W.
An experiment or demonstration of the electroless plating of copper in a watch glass.
Hill, John W.; Foss, Dennis L.; Scott, Lawrence W. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 752.
Electrochemistry
|
Corrosion: A Waste of energy J. Chem. Educ. Staff
Thermodynamics and electrochemical aspects of corrosion, and inhibition of the corrosion process.
J. Chem. Educ. Staff J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 673.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Metals |
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry
|
Why thermodynamics should not be taught to freshmen, or who owns the problem? Battino, Rubin
Thermodynamics should not be taught to freshmen - there are better things to do with the time.
Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 520.
Thermodynamics
|
What thermodynamics should be taught to freshmen, or what is the goal? Campbell, J. A.
The great majority of students in first-year college courses must try to work problems involving changes in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 520.
Thermodynamics
|
Bond free energies Amador, Alberto
Provides standard free energies for the formation of common single and multiple bonds.
Amador, Alberto J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 453.
Covalent Bonding |
Thermodynamics
|
Isoenzymes Daugherty, N. A.
The separation, identification, and measurement of isoenzymes is an appropriate topic for a special lecture in general chemistry.
Daugherty, N. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 442.
Enzymes |
Proteins / Peptides |
pH |
Electrophoresis |
Separation Science |
Electrochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Compact Compacts Huebner, Jay S.; Shiflett, R. B.; Blanck, Harvey F.
A collection of three suggestions regarding demonstrating the oxidation of hydrocarbons and the primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of proteins and the first law of thermodynamics as applied to air conditioning.
Huebner, Jay S.; Shiflett, R. B.; Blanck, Harvey F. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 389.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Alkanes / Cycloalkanes |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Proteins / Peptides |
Thermodynamics
|
Comments on the criterion of spontaneity Senozan, N. M.
Draws attention to the incomplete or misleading presentations sometimes made in connection with the criteria for spontaneous reactions.
Senozan, N. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 381.
Thermodynamics
|
An apparent contradiction in the application of the principle of Le Chtelier Mellon, E. K.
Unless some care is exercised, the application of free energy concepts in situations where marked temperature changes occur can lead to apparent contradictions like the one described in this paper.
Mellon, E. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 380.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Entropy and rubbery elasticity Nash, Leonard K.
Thermodynamic analysis of the polymeric molecules of rubber.
Nash, Leonard K. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 363.
Thermodynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Statistical Mechanics
|
The electrophoresis of indicators: An analogy to isoenzyme separation Daugherty, N. A.; Lavallee, D. K.
A lecture demonstration that illustrates the principles involved in the separation of isoenzymes but avoids the problems inherent in isoenzyme separations.
Daugherty, N. A.; Lavallee, D. K. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 353.
Electrochemistry |
Electrophoresis |
Dyes / Pigments |
Enzymes |
Separation Science
|
A simple and inexpensive solar energy experiment Evans, J. H.; Pedersen, L. G.
Uses solid state technology to demonstrate the direct generation of electricity and the electrochemical generation of hydrogen.
Evans, J. H.; Pedersen, L. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 339.
Solid State Chemistry |
Semiconductors |
Electrochemistry
|
A freshman chemistry thermodynamics experiment: The cyclic rule revisited Dezube, Bruce
A verification of the cyclic rule through measurements of a stretched rubber band.
Dezube, Bruce J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 313.
Thermodynamics
|
Thermodynamics and solubilities of salts of dipositive ions Riley, Gary F.; Eberhardt, William H.
Used to illustrate the application of the principle that a decrease in free energy is a criterion for the spontaneity of a chemical reaction.
Riley, Gary F.; Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 206.
Thermodynamics |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Physical Properties |
Reactions
|
I. How much work can a person do? Bent, Henry A.
This article relates concepts of work and energy by walking through a calculation of how much work is produced during exercise. [Debut]
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 456.
Thermodynamics |
Biophysical Chemistry
|
A Demonstration of burning magnesium and dry ice Driscoll, Jerry A.
This demonstration is a new, exciting approach to an older demonstration.
Driscoll, Jerry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 450.
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Reactions
|
Hammond's postulate and the slinky Macomber, Roger S.
The transition state of a one-step chemical reaction is one of the most fundamental concepts in chemistry. The author shares an in-class analogy that can be used to help students understand this concept better.
Macomber, Roger S. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 449.
Thermodynamics
|
Variation of radioactive decay rates Wolsey, Wayne C.
133. It is stated frequently in introductory chemistry texts that radioactive decay rates are invariant. Students are led to the impression, implicitly, if not explicitly, that changes in chemical form, temperature, pressure, etc. have no effect upon the half-lives of unstable nuclei. This constancy of decay is perhaps true for some particular modes of decay, but by no means is it true for all.
Wolsey, Wayne C. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 302.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Collision theory Myers, Richard S.
The question presented here can be employed in general or physical chemistry courses.
Myers, Richard S. J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 243.
Chemometrics |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics
|
Electroplating of polyethylene Gorodetsky, Malka
In the process of reorganizing a first-year chemistry laboratory for engineering students the authors have developed experiments that reproduce the approach in solving industrial chemical problems.
Gorodetsky, Malka J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 66.
Industrial Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals
|
General chemistry thermodynamics experiment Beaulieu, Lynn P., CPT
An experiment is outlined here that provides students with an opportunity to do experimental thermodynamics, and to calculate those thermodynamic values which usually cannot be determined with the simple equipment available in a general chemistry laboratory.
Beaulieu, Lynn P., CPT J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 53.
Thermodynamics
|
Teaching about "why do chemical reactions occur": Gibbs free energy Vamvakis, Steven N.; Schmuckler, Joseph S.
Approaching the topic of Gibbs free energy from the student's prior experience in algebra and geometry, it is possible to construct a proof that should enable students to explain the derivation of G = H - TS.
Vamvakis, Steven N.; Schmuckler, Joseph S. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 757.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions
|
Lecture table experimental demonstration of entropy Dole, Malcolm
Apparatus for demonstrating entropy that involves heating a stretched rubber band with hot steam.
Dole, Malcolm J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 754.
Thermodynamics
|
Le Chtelier's principle demonstrated with a rubber band Smith, Douglas D.
Heating a rubber band causes it to contract and stretching it causes it to become warmer.
Smith, Douglas D. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 701.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
330-333. Four questions and their answers; includes comments made by readers on earlier questions 130, 153, 154, 171, 172, 181.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 678.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Metals |
pH
|
Electrochemical demonstration: Motor driven by a simple galvanic cell Skinner, J. F.
A Zn / Zn 2+ Cu 2+ / Cu (Daniel) cell operates a small motor.
Skinner, J. F. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 619.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Lecture demonstration digital multimeter Myers, Gardiner H.; Dugan, Robert J.
Plans for a Lecture Demonstration Digital Multimeter used to measure and display electric potential, current, temperature, pressure, and pH.
Myers, Gardiner H.; Dugan, Robert J. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 495.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
pH |
Electrochemistry
|
Using oxidation state diagrams to teach thermodynamics and inorganic chemistry Friedel, A.; Murray, R.
Using oxidation state diagrams is suggested as a means of solving some of the problems associated with the teaching of thermodynamics and inorganic group chemistry.
Friedel, A.; Murray, R. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 485.
Thermodynamics |
Oxidation State
|
The Electrolysis of water - Fuel cell reactions Feinstein, H. I.; Gale, Vernon
Design and operation of a fuel cell that operates an LED or small electric motor.
Feinstein, H. I.; Gale, Vernon J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 432.
Electrochemistry
|
Free energy surfaces and transition state theory Cruickshank, F. R.; Hyde, A. J.; Pugh, D.
130/131. Unless free energy diagrams are very precisely labeled and explained they are seriously misleading and often incorporate a major error of principle. [Note: This should be #130 in the series, as shown in the table of contents. But p. 288 shows #131. The error was not caught, so the next one in the series is #132. The present article is both #130 and #131.]
Cruickshank, F. R.; Hyde, A. J.; Pugh, D. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 288.
Thermodynamics
|
A simple lab demonstrating energy transformation Miller, Daniel W.
Building and investigating a sulfuric acid / lead electrolytic cell.
Miller, Daniel W. J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 245.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Thermodynamics
|
What the standard state doesn't say about temperature and phase Carmichael, Halbert
125. The author develops the concept of the "standard state" in a manner that is more robust than typical textbook treatment.
Carmichael, Halbert J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 695.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Remembering the sign conventions for q and w in ?E = q - w Gasparro, Francis P.
The author developed a quasi-historical rationalization to help students remember the mathematical statement of the First Law of Thermodynamics.
Gasparro, Francis P. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 389.
Thermodynamics
|
Freezing ice cream and making caramel topping Plumb, Robert C.; Olson, John Otto; Bowman, Leo H.
The obscurity of "colligative properties" can be dispelled by this ice cream example.
Plumb, Robert C.; Olson, John Otto; Bowman, Leo H. J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 49.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Physical Properties |
Thermodynamics |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Footnote to the drinking duck exemplum Plumb, Robert C.; Cross, Judson B.; Keil, Robert G.
Variations on the drinking bird demonstration.
Plumb, Robert C.; Cross, Judson B.; Keil, Robert G. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 728.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
203-205. Three chemistry questions and their answers.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 587.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Deflection of falling solvents by an electric field Brindle, I. D.; Tomlinson, R. H.
Using the deflection of a falling liquid by an electrically charged rod to demonstrate the polarity of molecules is misleading at best.
Brindle, I. D.; Tomlinson, R. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 382.
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry
|
Brief introduction to the three laws of thermodynamics Stevenson, Kenneth L.
Brief descriptions of the three laws of thermodynamics.
Stevenson, Kenneth L. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 330.
Thermodynamics
|
Mysterious stoichiometry Bowman, L. H.; Shull, C. M.
The student's task in this experiment is to determine the composition of a compound of chromium produced in an electrolytic cell.
Bowman, L. H.; Shull, C. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 186.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Stoichiometry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
P-Chem crossword puzzle Snead, Claybourne C.
A physical chemistry crossword puzzle. The answer from p. 174 is reproduced in this PDF.
Snead, Claybourne C. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 158.
Thermodynamics
|
A lab to motivate weak students Loveridge, Glen
A lab activity on the electrolysis of water. [Debut]
Loveridge, Glen J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 102.
Electrochemistry
|
A lab to motivate weak students Loveridge, Glen
A lab activity on the electrolysis of water. [Debut]
Loveridge, Glen J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 102.
Electrochemistry
|
Electrochemistry in organisms. Electron flow and power output Chirpich, Thomas P.
Electrochemical calculations at an elementary level can be readily applied to living organisms and generate further student interest in electrochemistry.
Chirpich, Thomas P. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 99.
Electrochemistry |
Bioenergetics
|
Thermodynamics, folk culture, and poetry Smith, Wayne L.
The principles of the first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics are illustrated in songs and poems.
Smith, Wayne L. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 97.
Thermodynamics
|
A vigorous, spontaneous endothermic reaction Hawkins, Malcolm D.
Hawkins, Malcolm D. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, A178.
Thermodynamics
|
An endothermic reaction Burt, Norman E.
Burt, Norman E. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, A178.
Thermodynamics
|
Goal-oriented teaching of thermodynamics in general chemistry Canham, G. W. Rayner
Thermodynamics can be more interesting if biological applications are emphasized.
Canham, G. W. Rayner J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 600.
Biophysical Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Corrosion Slabaugh, W. H.
The topic of corrosion extends several basic concepts of electrochemistry with which students can relate. This article outlines: standard electrochemical potentials; corrosion of iron' corrosion of aluminum; application of electrochemical concepts; and ideas for some experiments.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 218.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Reference electrodes Caton, Roy D., Jr.
Examines reference electrodes, including both aqueous and nonaqueous reference electrodes.
Caton, Roy D., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, A571.
Electrochemistry |
Instrumental Methods
|
Racing car batteries Plumb, Robert C.; Combs, R. E.; Connelly, J. M.
Illustrating the Nernst equation and Faraday's laws using the example of the silver-zinc batteries used in racing cars.
Plumb, Robert C.; Combs, R. E.; Connelly, J. M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 857.
Applications of Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Six questions that can be answered with the application of basic chemical principles.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 847.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Metals |
Plant Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
A semimicro salt bridge McCullough, Thomas, C. S. C.
Using capillary U-tubes as semimicro salt bridges.
McCullough, Thomas, C. S. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 781.
Electrochemistry |
Microscale Lab |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Computer-enhanced laboratory experience. An example of a totally integrated approach Davis, Leslie N.; Coffey, Charles E.; Macero, Daniel J.
A gas law experiment (Boyle's Law) adapted to make use of computer assisted instruction.
Davis, Leslie N.; Coffey, Charles E.; Macero, Daniel J. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 711.
Gases |
Thermodynamics
|
A stabilized linear direct reading conductance apparatus. The solvolysis of t-butyl chloride Cyr, T.; Prudhomme, J.; Zador, M.
A simple ac conductivity apparatus for experiments in chemical kinetics is described; the instrument is sufficiently reliable that it can be used by first year students and assembled in a few hours.
Cyr, T.; Prudhomme, J.; Zador, M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 572.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry |
Kinetics
|
A practical energy experiment or lecture demonstration Garin, David L.
Presents two demonstrations: one involves heating different volumes of water on the same heater and measuring their temperatures; the other involves heating different volumes of water on the same heater and calculating the heat of vaporization.
Garin, David L. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 497.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics
|
Charge and mass of the electron. An introductory experiment Thompson, C. C.
Procedure for the electrolytic determination of the charge and mass of the electron requiring only the use of a balance and the careful recording of data.
Thompson, C. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 435.
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry |
Metals
|
Scuba diving and the gas laws Cooke, E. D.; Baranowski, Conrad
Three illustrations of physical-chemical principles drawn from scuba diving.
Cooke, E. D.; Baranowski, Conrad J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 425.
Gases |
Applications of Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Footnote to the house heating exemplum Plumb, Robert C.; Campbell, J. A.
Offers a simple proof regarding an earlier column.
Plumb, Robert C.; Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 365.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
The first law. For scientists, citizens, poets and philosophers Bent, Henry A.
Practical experiences and phenomena that serve to illustrate the first law of thermodynamics.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 323.
Thermodynamics
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Six questions requiring an application of chemical principles.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 281.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Lipids |
Gases |
Electrochemistry
|
Syphon and the potential energy diagrams Sarbolouki, M. N.
An analogy between the operation of a syphon and potential energy diagrams.
Sarbolouki, M. N. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 245.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics
|
Physical chemistry of the drinking duck Plumb, Robert C.; Wagner, Robert E.
The operation of the drinking bird is easily understood in terms of a few elementary physical chemistry principles.
Plumb, Robert C.; Wagner, Robert E. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 213.
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Equilibrium
|
Enthalpy and entropy of evaporation from measured vapor pressure using a programmable desk calculator McEachern, Douglas M.
A program for a calculator that calculates the heat of evaporation of a solid or a liquid and the corresponding entropy change.
McEachern, Douglas M. J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 190.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Chemometrics
|
LeChatelier's principle and a rubber band DeLorenzo, Ronald
The cited demonstration can also be sued to illustrate LeChatelier's principle .
DeLorenzo, Ronald J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 124.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Free energies of formation measurements on solid-state electrochemical cells Rollino, J. A.; Aronson, S.
This experiment demonstrates in a direct fashion the relationship between the Gibbs free energy of formation of an ionic solid and the emf of an electrochemical cell.
Rollino, J. A.; Aronson, S. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 825.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Solid State Chemistry |
Organometallics
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Seven questions requiring the application of basic principles of chemistry.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 769.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Gases |
Astrochemistry
|
A simple method for testing the adhesion of electrodeposits Ajuria-Garza, Sergio
A simple test that can be used with low-adhesion electrodeposits involves attempting to peel off the deposit with a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.
Ajuria-Garza, Sergio J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 706.
Electrochemistry
|
A simple method for testing the adhesion of electrodeposits Ajuria-Garza, Sergio
A simple test that can be used with low-adhesion electrodeposits involves attempting to peel off the deposit with a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.
Ajuria-Garza, Sergio J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 706.
Electrochemistry
|
Definition of standard states Lukens, David C.
A suggested sequence of definitions for the standard state.
Lukens, David C. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 654.
Thermodynamics |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Edison's chemical meter Vanderbilt, Byron M.
Thomas Edison invented the chemical meter to measure the rate at which electricity was being used.
Vanderbilt, Byron M. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 626.
Applications of Chemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Durable chrome plating Plumb, Robert C.; Saur, Roger L.
How chrome plating works to protect bumpers from corrosion.
Plumb, Robert C.; Saur, Roger L. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 626.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Kinetics
|
Durable chrome plating Plumb, Robert C.; Saur, Roger L.
How chrome plating works to protect bumpers from corrosion.
Plumb, Robert C.; Saur, Roger L. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 626.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Kinetics
|
Electrochemical reactions in batteries. Emphasizing the MnO2 cathode of dry cells Kozawa, Akiya; Powers, R. A.
The purpose of this article is to make a simplified, but current presentation of the electrochemical reactions in batteries, particularly those of the manganese dioxide cathode of dry cells.
Kozawa, Akiya; Powers, R. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 587.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Six questions requiring the application of basic principles of chemistry.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 538.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Astrochemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Metals
|
Freezing curves for Salol Laswick, Patty Hall
The convenient freezing temperature of salol (40-43 C) means that students can easily and safely melt the material using warm water
Laswick, Patty Hall J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 537.
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Nonmajor Courses |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
The presentation of electrode potentials using an energy level diagram Pinfold, T. A.
The tabular form in which standard electrode potentials are usually presented often leads to confusion that can be diminished by representing the electrochemical series on an energy diagram like that provided.
Pinfold, T. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 506.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
When You Heat Your House Does the Thermal Energy Content Increase? Bilkadi, Zayn; Bridgman, Wilbur B.
Whether or not the total energy content of the air increases or decreases cannot be answered unambiguously.
Bilkadi, Zayn; Bridgman, Wilbur B. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 493.
Thermodynamics
|
Entropy and a rubber band Laswick, Patty Hall
A temperature change is noted when a rubber band held against the cheek is stretched and then released.
Laswick, Patty Hall J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 469.
Thermodynamics
|
An inexpensive DC ohmmeter Getzin, Donald R.
Design for an inexpensive DC ohmmeter.
Getzin, Donald R. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 442.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
Biogalvanic cells Plumb, Robert C.; Hobey, W. D.
Explains the chemistry behind the potential development of an electrochemical cell that generates electricity using inert electrodes implanted in bodily fluids.
Plumb, Robert C.; Hobey, W. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 413.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Questions [and] Answers Campbell, J. A.
Five questions requiring an application of basic chemical principles.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 328.
Enrichment / Review Materials |
Applications of Chemistry |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Mass Spectrometry |
Isotopes
|
Electrographic analysis of the iron triad. A general chemistry experiment Feinstein, H. I.
Electrochemical tests for iron, cobalt, and nickel.
Feinstein, H. I. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 268.
Electrochemistry |
Qualitative Analysis
|
A general chemistry experiment for the blind Hiemenz, Paul C.; Pfeiffer, EIizabeth
Presents a method for weighing and a conductometric titration that relies on an audio signal.
Hiemenz, Paul C.; Pfeiffer, EIizabeth J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 263.
Minorities in Chemistry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Electrochemistry
|
Computer evaluation of titrations by Gran's method. An analytical chemistry experiment MacDonald, Timothy J.; Barker, Barbara J.; Caruso, Joseph A.
A computer program has been developed for the evaluation of potentiometric redox titration data by Gran's method.
MacDonald, Timothy J.; Barker, Barbara J.; Caruso, Joseph A. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 200.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry |
Acids / Bases
|
The effervescence of ocean surf Plumb, Robert C.; Blanchard, Duncan C.; Bilofsky, Howard S.; Bridgman, Wilbur B.
A pure liquid will not foam, but all true solutions will, as dictated by the fundamental concepts of surface thermodynamics enunciated by Gibbs.
Plumb, Robert C.; Blanchard, Duncan C.; Bilofsky, Howard S.; Bridgman, Wilbur B. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 29.
Water / Water Chemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Gases |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics
|
When your car rusts out Knockemus, Ward
Explains the rusting of a car by considering electrochemical corrosion and the Nernst equation.
Knockemus, Ward J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 29.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Applications of Chemistry |
Reactions
|
Entropy Makes Water Run Uphill - in Trees Stevenson, Philip E.
Explains how Sequoias over 300 feet tall can draw water up to their topmost leaves.
Stevenson, Philip E. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 837.
Applications of Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Plant Chemistry |
Membranes |
Transport Properties |
Solutions / Solvents
|
Tire Inflation Thermodynamics Plumb, Robert C.; Connors, John J.
Explains why inflating a tire with a hand pump heats the air being pumped into the tire.
Plumb, Robert C.; Connors, John J. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 837.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Miscellanea No. 6 Eberhardt, W. H.
A collection of clarified, underemphasized, and misunderstood topics, including cell electromotive force and disproportionate reactions; partially miscible liquids and upper consolute temperatures; enthalpy and free energy of formation; and magnetic moment.
Eberhardt, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 829.
Electrochemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Thermodynamics |
Magnetic Properties
|
Heat of hydration Dannhauser, Walter
A commonly published experiment can be expanded so that students may obtain the enthalpy of the reaction between anhydrous salts and water.
Dannhauser, Walter J. Chem. Educ. 1971, 48, 329.
Thermodynamics |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Water / Water Chemistry |
Noncovalent Interactions
|
Le Chtelier's principles - Conductivity of solutions Kasimer, Philip
Observing conductivity of a dilute solution of glacial acetic acid before and after the addition of a magnesium ribbon.
Kasimer, Philip J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A439.
Equilibrium |
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Miscellaneous Alyea, Hubert N.
13 demonstrations, including electrophoresis, electrolysis, corrosion inhibition, endothermic and exothermic reactions, crystals and crystallization, reactions with sodium, and the kinetics of H2O2 decomposition.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, A387.
Electrophoresis |
Dyes / Pigments |
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Reactions |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Kinetics
|
So-called zeroth law of thermodynamics Redlich, Otto
The "zeroth law of thermodynamics" elucidates the difference between the axiomatic and the epistemological method; it is neither a law nor a statement of fact but a guideline for checking our description of nature.
Redlich, Otto J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 740.
Thermodynamics
|
General chemistry experiments: Six short, inexpensive procedures Heit, M. L.; Dauphinee, G. A.
These simple experiments involve conductivity comparisons of derivatives of the acetate ion, paper chromatography, sublimation, the effect of temperature on equilibrium, the detection of I-, and an example of an equilibrium shift.
Heit, M. L.; Dauphinee, G. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 532.
Electrochemistry |
Chromatography |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Equilibrium |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Strong, Laurence E.
(1) What evidence, understandable and acceptable to students, do most teachers cite to describe the transfer of charge from one electrode to another in the direct current electrolysis of an electrolyte solution? (2) What is a compound? - answer by Strong. (3) What is a molecule? - answer by Strong.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Strong, Laurence E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 523.
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
Culture and the conservation laws Bent, Henry A.
There are no consumers of mass or energy, only converters.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 518.
Thermodynamics
|
Car Won't Start? Nash, Leonard K.; Plumb, Robert C.
Examines the questions, "Does the voltage of a battery drop with temperature" and "Does the ability of a battery to deliver current decrease with temperature?"
Nash, Leonard K.; Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 382.
Electrochemistry |
Thin Layer Chromatography |
Applications of Chemistry |
Consumer Chemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
An alternative to free energy for undergraduate instruction Strong, Laurence E.; Halliwell, H. Frank
It is the purpose of this paper to question the usefulness of the Gibbs function for the student and to propose an alternative based on the use of entropy functions that help the student to focus more sharply on the features of a system that relate to its capacity to change.
Strong, Laurence E.; Halliwell, H. Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 347.
Thermodynamics
|
Our freshmen like the second law Craig, Norman C.
The author affirms the place of thermodynamics in the introductory chemistry course and outlines a presentation that has been used with students at this level.
Craig, Norman C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 342.
Thermodynamics
|
The second law - How much, how soon, to how many? Bent, Henry A.
Discussion of the conceptual components of thermodynamics, their mathematical requirements, and where they might be best placed in the curriculum.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 337.
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Sealed tube experiments Campbell, J. A.
Lists and briefly describes a large set of "sealed tube experiments," each of which requires less than five minutes to set-up and clean-up, requires less than five minutes to run, provides dramatic results observable by a large class, and illustrates important chemical concepts.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 273.
Thermodynamics |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Solids |
Liquids |
Gases |
Rate Law |
Equilibrium
|
Cloud Caps on High Mountains Stevenson, Philip E.
The formation of cloud caps on high mountains illustrates cooling in an adiabatic expansion and the change in vapor pressure of a liquid with temperature.
Stevenson, Philip E. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 272.
Atmospheric Chemistry |
Gases |
Applications of Chemistry |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics
|
The Methanol Lighter Bailar, John C., Jr.
The methanol lighter illustrates the roles that thermodynamics, kinetics, and catalysis play in determining if a reaction will take place.
Bailar, John C., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 272.
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Catalysis |
Consumer Chemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
A bridge-rectifier-milliammeter instrument for conductance studies Nordmann, J.; Steinberg, Edwin
Modification of an earlier described instrument.
Nordmann, J.; Steinberg, Edwin J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 241.
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Instrumental Methods
|
Isopoly and heteropoly compounds: A general chemistry laboratory experiment Kauffman, George B.; Vartanian, Paul F.
This procedure involves the preparation of isopoly and heteropoly salts and introduces the beginning student to liquid-liquid extraction, titration, ion exchange, conductance, and a variety of synthetic and analytical techniques.
Kauffman, George B.; Vartanian, Paul F. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 212.
Synthesis |
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry
|
The snowmaking machines Plumb, Robert C.
Illustrating principles of thermodynamics in gas expansions and phase changes.
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 176.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams
|
Chemical principles exemplified Plumb, Robert C.
Introduction to a new series, containing "exempla" (brief anecdotes about materials and phenomena which exemplify chemical principles). [Debut]
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 175.
Gases |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Photochemistry |
Applications of Chemistry
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Choppin, Gregory R.; Young, J. P.
(1) Is there more to nuclear stability than only the neutron to proton ration? - answer by Choppin. (2) What are the products generated by the electrolysis of molten potassium nitrate with stainless steel electrodes? - answer by Young.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Choppin, Gregory R.; Young, J. P. J. Chem. Educ. 1970, 47, 73.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Isotopes |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry
|
Transistorized power sources for constant current coulometric titration Stock, John T.
This coulometric titrator uses a complementary pair of transistors to minimize heating affects and improve stability with respect to temperature; an example of experimental use for the apparatus is included.
Stock, John T. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 858.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry
|
Potentiometric determination of solubility product constants: A laboratory experiment Tackett, Stanford L.
This paper describes an experiment in which measured potentials and calculated activity coefficients are used to obtain the solubility product constants of silver halides.
Tackett, Stanford L. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 857.
Instrumental Methods |
Electrochemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents
|
The standard electrode potential of the silver-silver bromide electrode Venable, R. L.; Roach, D. V.
Calculations of the standard electrode potential of the silver-silver bromide electrode indicate that many values listed in textbooks are incorrect.
Venable, R. L.; Roach, D. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 741.
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Volkswagen versus the hummingbird Nebbia, Giorgio
Questions the cited (046-07-0455) thermodynamic calculations.
Nebbia, Giorgio J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 701.
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Chemometrics
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; House, J. E., Jr.; Campbell, J. A.
(1) When is the rule valid that the rate of reaction approximately doubles with a ten-degree temperature rise? - answer by House. (2) On the colors of transition metal complexes. (3) On an electrolysis experiment in which an acid solution is used to minimize the hydrolysis of Cu 2+. - answer by Campbell.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; House, J. E., Jr.; Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 674.
Rate Law |
Kinetics |
Transition Elements |
Coordination Compounds |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Acids / Bases
|
A simple amperostat for coulometric titration Vincent, Colin A.; Ward, J. G.
Describes the circuit, assembly, and performance of a simple amperostat for coulometric titration.
Vincent, Colin A.; Ward, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 613.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
A distribution experiment Campbell, J. A.; Nelson, Douglas; Rudesill, John
An experiment to determine the distribution coefficient of an acid between an aqueous and nonaqueous phase.
Campbell, J. A.; Nelson, Douglas; Rudesill, John J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 454.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Haight, Gilbert P., Jr.; Rechnitz, Garry A.
(1) Suggestions for presenting the relationship between the Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales. (2) Why are 4s rather than 3d electrons involved in the first and second ionizations of the first row transition elements? - answer by Haight. (3) The basis for the mnemonic ordering of atomic orbitals. (4) What is a liquid-liquid membrane electrode? Is it the same as an ion-selective electrode? - answer by Rechnitz.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Haight, Gilbert P., Jr.; Rechnitz, Garry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 444.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Atomic Properties / Structure |
Transition Elements |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Electrochemistry |
Ion Selective Electrodes |
Membranes
|
Indirect calorimetry by computer in the general chemistry course DeMattia, Dennis; Gruhn, Thomas; Gorman, Mel
Describes the use of a Fortran IV program to stimulate student interest in the applications and potential of computer techniques in chemistry.
DeMattia, Dennis; Gruhn, Thomas; Gorman, Mel J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 398.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
A computer program for the analysis of the N2O4 dissociation equilibrium Erickson, Luther E.
Describes a Fortran IV program for the analysis of empirical data collected for the N2O4 dissociation equilibrium.
Erickson, Luther E. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 383.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Quantities of work in thermodynamic equations Wright, P. G.
Examines distinctions to be made between work done by forces exerted by external bodies and acting on a system with work done by forces exerted by the system on external bodies.
Wright, P. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 380.
Thermodynamics
|
Thermochemistry of hypochlorite oxidations Bigelow, M. Jerome
Students mix various proportions of aqueous sodium hypochlorite and sodium sulfite and plot the change in temperature to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Bigelow, M. Jerome J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 378.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Stoichiometry |
Thermodynamics |
Mechanisms of Reactions
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Quagliano, James V.; Danehy, James P.
(1) Why different potential for copper/zinc cells when using nitrates vs. sulfates? Why is neither cell potential as large as predicted by Nerst equation? (2) Do elements in the zinc subgroup belong to the transition series? - answer by Quagliano. (3) How can the 2,4,5-trichloro derivative of phenoxyacetic acid be prepared? - answer by Danehy.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.; Quagliano, James V.; Danehy, James P. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 227.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Periodicity / Periodic Table |
Metals |
Synthesis |
Aromatic Compounds
|
Disc electrophoresis Brewer, John M.; Ashworth, Raymond B.
Describes the procedures involved in separating proteins or nucleic acids through disc electrophoresis.
Brewer, John M.; Ashworth, Raymond B. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 41.
Electrochemistry |
Electrophoresis |
Proteins / Peptides |
Separation Science
|
Avogadro's number by four methods Slabaugh, W. H.
Describes a project by two general chemistry students to compare four methods for finding Avogadro's number; this article focusses on the electroplating method.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 40.
Stoichiometry |
Electrochemistry
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.
(1) Is there such a thing as a negative pH value? Or one above 14? (2) What is entropy, in terms a beginner may understand? (3) On calculating the molecular weight of a solute from concentration and freezing point depression.
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 36.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
pH |
Thermodynamics |
Molecular Properties / Structure
|
The cell potential and the distance between electrodes Lauren, Paul M.
This demonstration illustrates the importance of the role played by ion diffusion in determining the magnitude of the emf of a primary cell.
Lauren, Paul M. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A691.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Oxidation of copper by hydrochloric acid Walker, Noojin; George, Donald L.
Demonstrates the oxidation of copper by hydrochloric acid.
Walker, Noojin; George, Donald L. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, A429.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry
|
A dual range direct current power supply for student use Mowery, Dwight F., Jr.
Presents a design for and the performance of a dual range direct current power supply for student use.
Mowery, Dwight F., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 739.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
Verification of the form of the Nernst equation: An experiment for introductory chemistry Evans, James S.
In this experiment, students record data for the concentration dependence of the ferrous-ferric half-cell potential at a platinum electrode, using a silver-silver ion reference electrode, a salt bridge, and a voltmeter.
Evans, James S. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 532.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Effect of complexing agents on oxidation potentials Helsen, Jef
A short note on a simple experiment to demonstrate the effect of complexing agents on the oxidation-reduction properties of redox couples such as Fe3+/Fe2+.
Helsen, Jef J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 518.
Coordination Compounds |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Chemical queries. Especially for introductory chemistry teachers Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G.
(1) How can half-reactions be added to determine potentials? (2) What is the approximate size and weight of uranium-235 necessary for a chain reaction to occur? (3) What is the distinction between an inhibitor and a negative catalyst?
Young, J. A.; Malik, J. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 477.
Electrochemistry |
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Catalysis
|
Why does methane burn? Sanderson, R. T.
A thermodynamic explanation for why methane burns.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 423.
Thermodynamics |
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding
|
Energy cycles Haight, G. P., Jr.
Points out limitations and potential pitfalls associated with the use energy cycles to show the atomic and molecular energy factors that may influence an observable chemical property.
Haight, G. P., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 420.
Thermodynamics
|
Chemical dynamics for college freshmen Hammond, George S.; Gray, Harry B.
Suggestions for topics regarding chemical dynamics to be considered in freshman chemistry.
Hammond, George S.; Gray, Harry B. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 354.
Thermodynamics |
Kinetics |
Reactions |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Rate Law
|
The Becquerel effect Ensanian, Minas
A short note on a demonstration of the Becquerel effect.
Ensanian, Minas J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 240.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
A lecture room digital multimeter Barnard, W. Robert.; Kelley, John C.; Gidden, Robert; Eberhardt, William H.
Presents a design for a lecture room digital multimeter and a lecture table manometer.
Barnard, W. Robert.; Kelley, John C.; Gidden, Robert; Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 206.
Electrochemistry |
Laboratory Computing / Interfacing |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Coulometric titration of cyclohexene with bromine Evans, Dennis H.
Describes the coulometric titration of cyclohexene with bromine appropriate for an introductory course.
Evans, Dennis H. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 88.
Electrochemistry |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis
|
Energy and Entropy in Chemistry (Wyatt, P. A. H.) Strong, Laurence E.
Strong, Laurence E. J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 71.
Thermodynamics
|
Biological oxidations and energy conservation Kirschbaum, Joel
Examines the oxidative steps leading to the synthesis of ATP in living organisms and their metabolic control.
Kirschbaum, Joel J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 28.
Bioenergetics |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Thermodynamics |
Metabolism
|
Metallurgy D. Refining the Metal Alyea, Hubert N.
Copper refined by electroplating.
Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A717.
Metallurgy |
Metals |
Electrochemistry
|
Energy E. Mechanical Energy Owens, Charles
A steam engine demonstrates the transformation of heat into motion.
Owens, Charles J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A273.
Thermodynamics
|
Group 1. The Alkali Metals C. The Copper Group Alyea, Hubert N.; Mancuso, Carl J.; Bernard, Robert
Demonstrations include electroplating copper, Fehling's test, the silver mirror (Ag+ + tartrate), insoluble silver salts, photo-film + hypo, hypo fixer + silver coin, and a solution of gold in aqua-regia.
Alyea, Hubert N.; Mancuso, Carl J.; Bernard, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, A1005.
Electrochemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Solutions / Solvents |
Metals
|
Letter to the editor Brescia, Frank
Calls on instructors not to confuse students with inappropriate definitions of work.
Brescia, Frank J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 771.
Thermodynamics |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols
|
Microapparatus for demonstrating electrophoresis on paper Stock, John T.; DeThomas, A. V.
This article describes a microapparatus for demonstrating electrophoresis on paper that is powered by a 9 V battery.
Stock, John T.; DeThomas, A. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 415.
Microscale Lab |
Electrochemistry |
Electrophoresis |
Separation Science |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
A simple analogy of the relationship of ?G to the position of equilibrium Marks, D. J.
This short note describes a simple demonstration to serve as an analogy of the relationship of ?G to the position of equilibrium.
Marks, D. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 402.
Thermodynamics |
Equilibrium
|
Textbooks errors. Miscellanea no. 5 Mysels, Karol J.
Considers inconsistencies in the units involved in thermodynamic expressions, incorrect units given for equivalent conductivity, oscillations in polargraphic measurements, and inconsistencies in dealing with catalysis.
Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 44.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics |
Catalysis
|
Energy B. Heat energy Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Noerdin, Isjrin; Alyea, Hubert N.
Demonstrations presented include the absorption of black vs white surfaces, the heat ignition of touching flash-bulbs, the low heat of combustion of guncotton, and the heats of displacement of metals.
Hornbeck, Leroy G.; Noerdin, Isjrin; Alyea, Hubert N. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A978.
Metals |
Thermodynamics
|
Ionization, Electricity D. Special electrical phenomena Bernard, Robert; Slabaugh, W. H.
Demonstrations include cation analysis, conductivity during the titration of Ba(OH)2 + HCl vs H2C2O4, and conductivity during the titration of Ba(OH)2 + HCl vs H3PO4.
Bernard, Robert; Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A901.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Qualitative Analysis |
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
|
Ionization, Electricity C. Consumption of electricity Bernard, Robert; Owens, Charles; Holman, J. S.; Peischl, C. J.
Demonstrations include the electrolysis of ZnCl2, electrodeposition of Pb, lead chromate by electrolysis, and manufacturing NaOH and Cl2 by the Hg-process.
Bernard, Robert; Owens, Charles; Holman, J. S.; Peischl, C. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A901.
Electrochemistry
|
Ionization, electricity. B. Production of electricity. C. Consumption of electricity. Jackman, Kenneth; Ulery, Denver; Rogers, Crosby; Hornbeck, LeRoy G.; Barnard, Robert; Alyea, Hubert N.; Jackman, Kenneth V.; Burke, Christie
Demonstrations include the hydrogen electrode, H-electrode generating its own H2, consumption of electricity, Zn-Cu coupling, overvoltage, the Faraday effect, lead storage battery, and the electrolysis of NaCl.
Jackman, Kenneth; Ulery, Denver; Rogers, Crosby; Hornbeck, LeRoy G.; Barnard, Robert; Alyea, Hubert N.; Jackman, Kenneth V.; Burke, Christie J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A658.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Ionization, electricity B. (continued) Production of electricity Hornbeck, LeRoy; Barnard, Robert; Jackman, Kenneth; Ulery, Denver; Rogers, Crosby
Demonstrations include magnesium + acid ringing a bell, magnesium + acid lighting a bulb, couples without a salt bridge, and half-cells with salt bridge and microammeter.
Hornbeck, LeRoy; Barnard, Robert; Jackman, Kenneth; Ulery, Denver; Rogers, Crosby J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A585.
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Lectures on Matter and Equilibrium (Hill, Terrell L.) Rosenburg, Robert
Rosenburg, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, A1086.
Thermodynamics |
Enrichment / Review Materials
|
The fundamental assumptions of chemical thermodynamics MacRae, Duncan
Examines the fundamental terms, definitions, and assumptions of chemical thermodynamics.
MacRae, Duncan J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 586.
Thermodynamics
|
Demonstrations of spontaneous endothermic reactions Matthews, G. W. J.
The reaction between hydrated metal chlorides and thionyl chloride provides a series of valuable experiments that can be used to demonstrate spontaneous endothermic reactions.
Matthews, G. W. J. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 476.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Porous glass salt bridges Durst, Richard A.
Describes the characteristics and applications of porous glass salt bridges.
Durst, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 437.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
Electro-osmosis as a demonstration experiment. Coupled irreversible effects and direct energy conversion Dixon, John R.; Schafer, Frank W.
When a stream of water is forced through a porous pug or other resistance associated with a pressure drop, an electrical potential is developed between the high and low pressure sides of the resistance.
Dixon, John R.; Schafer, Frank W. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 380.
Electrochemistry
|
Simple experiments in amperometry. Determination of acids, oxidizing agents Feldman, Frederic J.
Amperometry, the measurement of current resulting from an electrochemical reaction at the electrode, is a simple means of determining the concentration of an electroactive species. An experiment is described here for the determination of acids or oxidizing agents by amperometry.
Feldman, Frederic J. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 378.
Quantitative Analysis |
Electrochemistry
|
Simple equipment for automatic potentiometric pH titrations Olsen, Eugene D.
This paper describes a simple yet versatile apparatus employing a siphon pipet to deliver titrant solution automatically and accurately during the course of a titration.
Olsen, Eugene D. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 310.
pH |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Electrical conductance apparatus Steinberg, Edwin E.; Nordmann, J.
A circuit diagram for an electrical conductance apparatus that is safe, accurate, and allows for qualitative measurements.
Steinberg, Edwin E.; Nordmann, J. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 309.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
The enigmatic polymorphism of iron Myers, Clifford E.
Unusual and nontypical, elemental iron can provide the impetus for discussing important chemical principles and properties, including basic thermodynamic concepts and the phenomenon and theory of ferromagnetism.
Myers, Clifford E. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 303.
Thermodynamics |
Magnetic Properties
|
The use and misuse of the laws of thermodynamics McGlashan, M. L.
Examines the first and second laws, the usefulness of thermodynamics, the calculation of equilibrium constants, and what entropy does not mean.
McGlashan, M. L. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 226.
Thermodynamics
|
Demonstrating concepts of statistical thermodynamics: More on the Maxwell Demon bottle Sussman, M. V.
The Maxwell Demon bottle can illustrate the nature of entropy, the difference between a work effect and a heat effect, the difference between reversible and irreversible work effects, the mechanical equivalent of heat, and similar intangibles.
Sussman, M. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 105.
Thermodynamics
|
Electrode potentials Shombert, Donald
Changes in the potential observed for two Daniell cells are due to changes in ion concentrations.
Shombert, Donald J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, A215.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Equilibrium
|
Potentiometer for the general chemistry laboratory Wood, Stanley E.; Anderson, C. B.
A circuit diagram is presented for a potentiometer used to verify the Nernst equation and investigate other electrochemical phenomenon.
Wood, Stanley E.; Anderson, C. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 659.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Student potentiometer using a zener diode Atkinson, George F.
Presents a circuit diagram for a student potentiometer using a zener diode.
Atkinson, George F. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 656.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
Potentiometric titration of aspirin in ethanol Shen, Samuel Y.; Gilman, Alfred J.
This experiment illustrates the potentiometric end point in nonaqueous acid-base titrations.
Shen, Samuel Y.; Gilman, Alfred J. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 540.
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Electrochemistry |
Quantitative Analysis |
Acids / Bases
|
Thermodynamics of the ionization of acetic and chloroacetic acids Neidig, H. A., Yingling, R. T.
Students are asked to determine the effect of the structure of acetic, chloroacetic, dichloroacetic, and trichloroacetic acid on equilbria and to discuss the observed effects in terms of standard free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes.
Neidig, H. A., Yingling, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 484.
Acids / Bases |
Thermodynamics |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Enthalpies of formation of solid salts Neidig, H. A.; Yingling, R. T.
This investigation introduces the student to several important areas of thermochemistry, including enthalpies of neutralization, enthalpies of dissolution, enthalpies of formation, and Hess' Law.
Neidig, H. A.; Yingling, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 474.
Thermodynamics |
Solids |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Relationship of enthalpy of solution, solvation energy, and crystal energy Neidig, H. A., Yingling, R. T.
The primary objectives of this investigation are to relate enthalpy of solution, solvation energy, and crystal energy using Hess' Law and to acquaint students with Born-Haber type energy cycles.
Neidig, H. A., Yingling, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 473.
Thermodynamics |
Solutions / Solvents |
Crystals / Crystallography |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry
|
Several designs for constructing potentiometers Battino, Rubin
This paper describes several designs for constructing inexpensive potentiometers that possess a practical degree of precision.
Battino, Rubin J. Chem. Educ. 1965, 42, 211.
Electrochemistry |
Instrumental Methods |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus
|
Concerning equilibrium, free energy changes, LeChatelier's Principle. III. Halide-halate equilibria Eberhardt, William H.
Compares four equilibria: KI + KIO3, KI + KBrO3, KBR + KBrO3, and KBr + KIO3.
Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A883.
Equilibrium |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Thermodynamics
|
Concerning equilibrium, free energy changes, Le Châtelier's principle II Eberhardt, William H.
This demonstration involves a reversible, temperature-based transformation from blue tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ to pink sixfold coordinated Co2+.
Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A591.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Coordination Compounds
|
Electrolysis: H2O and H2O2 Eberhardt, William H.
This demonstration involves the concurrent electrolysis of water and hydrogen peroxide.
Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A591.
Electrochemistry |
Water / Water Chemistry
|
Metallic reduction of aqueous hydrogen chloride Walker, Noojin, Jr.
Calcium reacts with HCl to liberate hydrogen gas.
Walker, Noojin, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A477.
Reactions |
Oxidation / Reduction |
Metals |
Electrochemistry
|
Concerning equilibrium, free energy changes, Le Chtelier's principle Eberhardt, William H.
Aqueous KI is added to a solution of CuSO4 in a separatory funnel; adding more CuSO4 demonstrates an equilibrium sift.
Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A477.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics |
Reactions
|
Thermal expansion of gases Barnard, W. Robert
Liquid nitrogen is poured over an inflated balloon.
Barnard, W. Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, A139.
Gases |
Thermodynamics |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
|
Maximum work revisited (Letters) Mysels, Karol J.
Comments on an earlier "Textbook Error" article that considers at length errors in the calculation of work done in compression or expansion of an ideal gas.
Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 677.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Maximum work revisited (Letters) Bauman, Robert
Comments on an earlier "Textbook Error" article that considers at length errors in the calculation of work done in compression or expansion of an ideal gas.
Bauman, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 676.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Maximum work revisited (Letters) Kokes, Richard J.
Comments on an earlier "Textbook Error" article that considers at length errors in the calculation of work done in compression or expansion of an ideal gas.
Kokes, Richard J. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 675.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Maximum work revisited (Letters) Bauman, Robert
Comments on an earlier "Textbook Error" article that considers at length errors in the calculation of work done in compression or expansion of an ideal gas.
Bauman, Robert J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 675.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Electrophoresis using thin layer materials Criddle, W. J.; Moody, G. J.; Thomas, J. D. R.
Thin layer materials prepared for chromatography are used for electrophoresis.
Criddle, W. J.; Moody, G. J.; Thomas, J. D. R. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 609.
Electrochemistry |
Electrophoresis |
Separation Science |
Thin Layer Chromatography
|
A simple quantitative electrolysis experiment for first year chemistry Petrucci, Ralph H.; Moews, P. C., Jr.
This simple and inexpensive electrolysis experiment for first year chemistry allows a quantitative application of Faraday's laws without the need for analytical balances.
Petrucci, Ralph H.; Moews, P. C., Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 552.
Electrochemistry
|
Reversible and irreversible work: A lecture demonstration Eberhardt, William H.
This lecture demonstration illustrates the concepts of reversible and irreversible work using a pendulum and attached pan balance.
Eberhardt, William H. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 483.
Thermodynamics
|
The Carnot cycle and Maxwell's relations Nash, Leonard K.
Maxwells equations can be derived from nothing more than the Carnot cycle and the deployment of the simplest plane geometry.
Nash, Leonard K. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 368.
Thermodynamics |
Chemometrics
|
Teaching the entropy concept Plumb, Robert C.
Presents a macroscopic lecture demonstration illustrating both potential energy and entropy driving forces and showing their interrelationship.
Plumb, Robert C. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 254.
Thermodynamics |
Statistical Mechanics
|
Work of compressing an ideal gas Bauman, Robert P.
In formulating examples of compression problems there should be an explicit statement that the process is reversible, or at least slow.
Bauman, Robert P. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 102.
Thermodynamics |
Gases
|
Principles of chemical reaction Sanderson, R. T.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of chemical change in the hope of recognizing and setting forth the basic principles that help us to understand why they occur.
Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 13.
Reactions |
Thermodynamics |
Mechanisms of Reactions |
Kinetics |
Synthesis |
Covalent Bonding |
Ionic Bonding |
Metallic Bonding
|
Demonstration notes: Chemiluminescence in electrolysis Villarreal, Fidel; Garcia, Octavio
Suggests a modification to the usual chemiluminescence demonstration with luminol.
Villarreal, Fidel; Garcia, Octavio J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A477.
Electrochemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Electrolysis of sodium through glass Dutton, F. B.
Sodium is deposited on the inside of a light bulb immersed in molten NaNO3.
Dutton, F. B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A313.
Electrochemistry
|
Analysis of aspirin: A conductometric titration Proctor, J. S.; Roberts, J. E.
Suggests research questions based on an earlier published article.
Proctor, J. S.; Roberts, J. E. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A306.
Undergraduate Research |
Titration / Volumetric Analysis |
Quantitative Analysis |
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
|
Oxidation of bromide and iodide ions Dutton, Frederic B.
Color changes are indicative of oxidation reactions of bromide and iodide ions.
Dutton, Frederic B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A241.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry
|
Oxidation of bromide and iodide ions Dutton, Frederic B.
Color changes are indicative of oxidation reactions of bromide and iodide ions.
Dutton, Frederic B. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, A241.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Reactions |
Electrochemistry
|
Entropy: The significance of the concept of entropy and its applications in science and technology (Fast, J. D.) Bent, Henry A.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 442.
Thermodynamics
|
An experiment with galvanic cells: For the general chemistry laboratory Dillard, Clyde R.; Kammeyer, Patty Hall
Describes a simple, low-cost galvanic cell and its use to compare various metallic electrodes.
Dillard, Clyde R.; Kammeyer, Patty Hall J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 363.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Metals
|
A simple approach to the second law Breck, W. G.
Uses a reversible Carnot cycle as a simple approach to explicating the second law.
Breck, W. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 353.
Thermodynamics
|
Temperature dependence of equilibrium: A first experiment in general chemistry Mahan, Bruce H.
This experiment uses cooling curves to derive the expression for the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant.
Mahan, Bruce H. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 293.
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Mnemonics for thermodynamic equations Radley, Edward T.; Cohen, Irwin; McCullough, Brother Thomas, C. S. C.
Presents several mnemonics devices for remembering thermodynamic equations.
Radley, Edward T.; Cohen, Irwin; McCullough, Brother Thomas, C. S. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 261.
Thermodynamics
|
Letters to the editor Day, Jesse H.
The author suggests how the importance of thermodynamics might be demonstrated to students.
Day, Jesse H. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 229.
Thermodynamics
|
Maxwell's demon demonstrator Sussman, M. V.
Describes a simple device used to illustrate the concept of irreversibility.
Sussman, M. V. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 49.
Thermodynamics
|
Magnesium cell for demonstration Mathur, Prem Behari; Paul, Nityanandan J.
Describes a cell system consisting of copper and magnesium plates or ribbon immersed in copper sulfate solution.
Mathur, Prem Behari; Paul, Nityanandan J. J. Chem. Educ. 1963, 40, 43.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Electrolytic conductivity: A demonstration experiment Thomas, William B.
Describes a simple method of measuring electrolytic conductivity based on Ohm's law.
Thomas, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 531.
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity |
Solutions / Solvents |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
A second lecture in thermodynamics Burton, Milton
Outlines an introduction for the three laws of thermodynamics
Burton, Milton J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 500.
Thermodynamics
|
The second law of thermodynamics: Introduction for beginners at any level Bent, Henry A.
Examines and offers suggestions for dealing with some of the challenges in teaching thermodynamics at an introductory level.
Bent, Henry A. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 491.
Thermodynamics
|
Editorially Speaking Kieffer, William F.
Discussion of the conventions, definitions, and symbols of thermodynamics.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 489.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Thermodynamics
|
A low cost direct current source for the laboratory Barnard, W. Robert.; Woodriff, Ray
Presents a low cost source of variable direct current.
Barnard, W. Robert.; Woodriff, Ray J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 521.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
How can you tell whether a reaction will occur? MacWood, George E.; Verhoek, Frank H.
This paper attempts to answer the title question in a clear and direct fashion.
MacWood, George E.; Verhoek, Frank H. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 334.
Thermodynamics
|
Editorially speaking Kieffer, William F.
Suggests that more should be done to teach introductory college chemistry students basic principles such as entropy and free energy.
Kieffer, William F. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 333.
Thermodynamics
|
Faraday's laws in one equation Strong, Frederick C.
Presents a derivation of a single-equation statement of Faraday's laws.
Strong, Frederick C. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 98.
Electrochemistry
|
Student experiment with filter paper electrophoresis Garvin, James E.
The effect of electrical charge in determining some of the properties of amino acids and proteins can be simply and convincingly demonstrated to the student by means of filter paper electrophoresis.
Garvin, James E. J. Chem. Educ. 1961, 38, 36.
Separation Science |
Electrophoresis |
Amino Acids |
Proteins / Peptides |
Electrochemistry
|
A simple ice calorimeter: A first experiment in thermochemistry Mahan, Bruce H.
This note describes a relatively crude and simple ice calorimeter that can be supplied to each student.
Mahan, Bruce H. J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 634.
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Thermodynamics
|
Potentiometric measurements of equilibria: In general chemistry laboratory Chesick, J. P.; Patterson, Andrew, Jr.
The authors describe an experiment in which the solubility product of silver chloride, the ionization constant of the silver-ammonia complex, and the ionization constant of acetic acid can be determined with one afternoon of work.
Chesick, J. P.; Patterson, Andrew, Jr. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 496.
Electrochemistry |
Equilibrium |
Precipitation / Solubility |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Acids / Bases
|
The growth of lead trees in silicic acid gels Hurd, Charles B.; Lamareaux, Harry F.
The fact that more active metals, such as zinc and cadmium, will replace lead in solutions of lead salts is well known; it is not so well known that the lead deposited will form an attractive, tree-like growth, particularly if supported in a gel.
Hurd, Charles B.; Lamareaux, Harry F. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 472.
Electrochemistry
|
Common sources of confusion; Electrode sign conventions Anson, Fred C.
Examines common sources of confusion with respect to electrode signs and recommends new conventions.
Anson, Fred C. J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 394.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Some demonstrations with the overhead projector Keenan, C. W.
This paper describes the construction and use of demonstration apparatus to be used in conjunction with an overhead projector.
Keenan, C. W. J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 36.
Electrochemistry |
Gases |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Transport Properties
|
Recent developments concerning the signs of electrode potentials Licht, Truman S.; deBethune, Andre J.
It is the purpose of this paper to review recent developments concerning the signs of electrode potentials, particularly with respect to single electrode potential, half-reaction potential, and half-cell electromotive force.
Licht, Truman S.; deBethune, Andre J. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 433.
Electrochemistry |
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Some electrochemical experiments for freshmen Gorman, Mel
The purpose of this discussion is to present an exercise for freshman laboratory work involving electrochemical unknowns and special electrode potential projects not usually studied in the first-year course.
Gorman, Mel J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 409.
Electrochemistry |
Qualitative Analysis
|
Letters to the editor Campbell, J. A.
The author includes an interpretation of the "Beating Heart Experiment" which was omitted in an earlier Journal article.
Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 362.
Oxidation / Reduction |
Electrochemistry
|
A simplified electrolysis apparatus Teichman, Louis
Describes a simplified electrolysis apparatus using a plastic dish, two electrodes, and two test tubes.
Teichman, Louis J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 291.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Electrochemistry
|
Nuclear batteries Garrett, Alfred B.
Describes the structure, operation, and application of nuclear batteries.
Garrett, Alfred B. J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 446.
Nuclear / Radiochemistry |
Electrochemistry
|
Why is hydrofluoric acid a weak acid? An answer based on a correlation of free energies, with electronegativities Pauling, Linus
The puzzling behavior of hydrofluoric acid is explained by considering the factors that determine the free energy of hydrogen halogenide molecules and hydrohalogenide ions.
Pauling, Linus J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 16.
Acids / Bases |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Atomic Properties / Structure
|
Movable symbols and formulas as a teaching aid Lippincott, W. T.; Wheaton, Roger
Movable magnetic squares with symbols and formulas printed on them are used as a visual teaching aid involving a variety of fundamental chemistry concepts.
Lippincott, W. T.; Wheaton, Roger J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 15.
Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Apparatus for the demonstration of conductivity of electrolytes Suter, Hans A.; Kaelber, Lorraine
This device uses a continuous flow of water and a light bulb to demonstrate the conductivity of electrolytes.
Suter, Hans A.; Kaelber, Lorraine J. Chem. Educ. 1955, 32, 640.
Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrochemistry |
Conductivity
|
A heat engine run by rubber Cox, E. G.
Describes a rotating wheel powered by the alternate heating and cooling of rubber bands.
Cox, E. G. J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 307.
Thermodynamics
|
Praseodymium tetrafluoride Perros, Theodore P.; Munson, Thomas R.; Naeser, Charles R.
In spite of the experimental failures to prepare praseodymium tetrafluoride, there is strong evidence for its possible formation to be found by calculating the equilibrium constants for some of the reactions by which this compound might be prepared.
Perros, Theodore P.; Munson, Thomas R.; Naeser, Charles R. J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 402.
Oxidation State |
Equilibrium |
Thermodynamics
|
Letters Hackney, J. C.
The author elaborates on the source of a fallacy in the calculation of an overall redox potential by combination of two half-cell potentials.
Hackney, J. C. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 472.
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Oxidation / Reduction
|
Letters Angus, L. H.
Suggests a simple temperature-equilibrium demonstration.
Angus, L. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 472.
Thermodynamics
|
A simple demonstration of the Carnot cycle Calingaert, George
This simple demonstration makes use of a stretched rubber band whose temperature changes are noted with the lips.
Calingaert, George J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 405.
Thermodynamics
|
Miscellaneous experiments Damerel, Charlotte I.
Offers three demonstrations, the first involving molecular models illustrating the generation of optical isomers in a laboratory synthesis; the second demonstrating that liquid sodium chloride conducts and electric current; and the third examining the flow of electric current in an electrochemical galvanic cell.
Damerel, Charlotte I. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 296.
Molecular Modeling |
Molecular Properties / Structure |
Chirality / Optical Activity |
Enantiomers |
Conductivity |
Electrochemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
Combining half-reactions and their standard electrode potentials Miller, Sidney I.
To increase the value of standard electrode potential tables, a new method of combination of half-cell reactions is proposed.
Miller, Sidney I. J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 140.
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry |
Electrolytic / Galvanic Cells / Potentials
|
A temperature-equilibrium demonstration Brown, John A.
This demonstration makes use of the colored cobaltous complexes in a mixed solvent to show the dependence of some equilibria on temperature.
Brown, John A. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 640.
Equilibrium |
Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |
Thermodynamics |
Coordination Compounds
|
The overhead projector and chemical demonstrations Slabaugh, W. H.
Chemical demonstrations described for use with an overhead projector include the relative activity of metals, the electrolysis of water, the random motion of gas molecules, the action of metal couples, the relative strength of acids, the qualitative aspects of optical activity, and electrochemistry.
Slabaugh, W. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 579.
Metals |
Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
Acids / Bases |
Electrochemistry |
Aqueous Solution Chemistry
|
Electrochemistry in the freshman course Meldrum, William B.
This paper emphasizes the importance of electrochemical concepts in the freshman chemistry course.
Meldrum, William B. J. Chem. Educ. 1951, 28, 282.
Electrochemistry
|
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